Delayed storm and salvage logging effects on forest vegetation recovery and development
| dc.contributor.advisor | Vodde, Floortje (advisor) | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Jõgiste, Kalev (advisor) | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Tullus, Tea (advisor) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Palm-Hellenurm, Kristiina | |
| dc.contributor.department | Institute of Forestry and Engineering | eng |
| dc.contributor.other | Hedwall, Per-Ola (opponent) | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2024-11-04T10:11:12Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2024-11-04T10:11:12Z | |
| dc.date.defensed | 2024-12-03 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2024 | |
| dc.description | A Thesis for applying for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Forestry. | eng |
| dc.description | Väitekiri filosoofiadoktori kraadi taotlemiseks metsanduse erialal. | est |
| dc.description.abstract | The doctoral thesis examined the diversity and composition of understory communities in permanent sample plots established in hemiboreal spruce-hardwood forests, where storm disturbance occurred approximately 20 years ago. Data were also collected from control areas in forests of a similar type that were unaffected by wind disturbance, as well as from post-storm salvage-logged sample plots. In addition, the main agents and processes influencing the fate of remnant trees (i.e., trees that survived a wind disturbance) were analyzed to provide insights into the temporal stability of these important biological legacies. Light conditions, microsite richness and substrate diversity differed significantly among treatments, whereas salvaged areas exhibited the greatest canopy openness and the lowest levels of microsite richness and substrate diversity. Altogether, 100 herb and dwarf shrub taxa and 108 bryophyte taxa (81 mosses and 27 liverworts) were found in the study plots. Vascular plant and bryophyte communities exhibited contrasting responses due to their differing habitat requirements, life-history strategies, and the resource competition between these two groups. Salvaged stands displayed higher coverage and species richness of herbaceous species compared to uncleared wind-disturbed areas and control plots. Salvaging did not have a detrimental effect on bryophyte species richness compared to reference sites (control plots), but wind-damaged, unharvested areas hosted significantly more diverse bryophyte communities than both control and salvaged plots. The understory assemblages in salvaged plots differed most from those in reference plots, indicating significant changes in species composition and community structure following salvage logging. Moderately damaged study plots displayed the highest variability in terms of species composition compared to other treatments, highlighting the importance of these areas in maintaining beta-diversity at the landscape scale. Temporal stability of wind-disturbed ecosystems can, however, be compromised due to the high susceptibility of the remnant trees to further disturbances. Many species, including several of high conservation value, were found only in unsalvaged storm-affected areas, confirming the positive impact of wind disturbance on biodiversity. At the same time, salvage logging may help prevent future disturbances that could exceed the ecosystem’s resilience threshold, while also reducing timber loss and carbon emissions. Therefore, the selection and implementation of post-disturbance management methods and practices require a comprehensive analysis. The results demonstrated that plant species groups with distinctive life-history traits exhibit different mid-succession responses to wind disturbances and post-windthrow salvaging. Disturbance legacies such as surviving remnant trees, snags, coarse woody debris, and pit-and-mound complexes can promote habitat heterogeneity, enhance biodiversity, and support ecological resilience in post-disturbance forest ecosystems. Thus, it is advisable to retain some biological legacies of wind disturbances – such as pit-and-mound complexes, snags, woody debris, and remnant trees – during salvage operations, as these elements are crucial for maintaining structural diversity and providing essential habitats for various plant species. | eng |
| dc.description.abstract | Doktoritöös uuriti soon- ja sammaltaimede liigilist mitmekesisust ja koosseisu Kirde- ja Ida-Eestis asuvatel tormihäiringu uurimiseks rajatud püsiproovitükkidel. Uuringualadel kasvasid vanemaealised kuuse-lehtpuu segapuistud, kus torm toimus ligikaudu 20 aastat tagasi. Taimekooslusi võrreldi kahe kahjustusastmega puistutes, lisaks koguti andmeid sarnase metsatüübiga, kuid tormihäiringust puutumata kontrollaladelt ning tormijärgselt sanitaarraiutud proovitükkidelt. Täiendavalt uuriti oluliste häiringu pärandelementide – tormikahjustatud puistus ellujäänud puude – elujõulisust, käsitleti tormile järgnevaid võimalikke lisahäiringuid ning loodi seoseid erinevate häiringurežiimidega. Oodatult olid katsealade keskkonnatingimused, sh valgus, mikroelupaikade rohkus ja mitmekesisus erinevad. Sanitaarraiutud aladel jõudis alustaimestikuni kõige rohkem valgust, kuid struktuuriline mitmekesisus oli seal väikseim. Proovialadelt leiti kokku 100 roht- ja puhmastaime taksonit. Sanitaarraiutud aladel oli rohurinde katvus ja liigirikkus suurim, oluliselt vähem soontaimeliike leidus küpses kahjustamata metsas. Koristamata tormialadel oli liigirikkus vahepealne. Sammaltaime taksoneid tuvastati kokku 108, neist 81 olid lehtsamblad ja 27 helviksamblad. Sammaltaimede keskmine liigirikkus oli tormikahjustusega proovitükkidel oluliselt suurem kui kontrollaladel ja sanitaarraiutud proovitükkidel. Katsealade soon- ja sammaltaimekooslused erinesid üksteisest oluliselt ka koosseisu poolest, seejuures eristusid kontrollaladega võrreldes enim sanitaarraiutud alade kooslused. Osalise tormikahjustusega alade taimekooslused erinesid üksteisest enim, mille tõttu on sellised alad metsade beetamitmekesisuse säilimiseks väga olulised. Koristamata tormialade elupaikade püsivust võib aga mõjutada ellujäänud puude vastuvõtlikkus uutele häiringutele. Mitmekülgsete omadustega kasvusubstraatide ja varieeruvate keskkonnatingimuste tõttu on tormijärgses metsas rohkelt ökoloogilisi nišše, mis loob eeldused mitmekesiste taimekoosluste tekkeks. Alustaimestiku liigirühmad reageerisid tormihäiringule erinevalt, kajastades taimerühmade lahknevaid elustrateegiaid ja ökoloogilisi kohastumisi. Sanitaarraie lõi soodsad tingimused valguslembeste rohttaimede kasvuks, samas kui mikroelupaikade kao ja intensiivse päikesekiirguse tõttu oli sammaltaimede kasv pärsitud. Mitmeid liike, sealhulgas mitmeid suure looduskaitselise väärtusega liike, leiti vaid koristamata tormialadelt, kinnitades tormihäiringu positiivset mõju elurikkusele. Samas võib sanitaarraie aidata vältida järgmiste, potentsiaalselt ökosüsteemi taluvuspiiri ületavate häiringute toimumist, vähendades ühtlasi ka puidukadu ja süsinikuheidet. Seetõttu vajab häiringujärgsete majandamismeetodite ja -võtete valik ja rakendamine mitmekülgset analüüsi. Doktoritöö tulemustele tuginedes on soovitatav jätta osa tormikahjustatud metsa looduslikult kasvama, eriti aladel, kus liigirikkus ja -kaitse on prioriteediks. Sanitaarraie korral on soovitatav osaliselt alles jätta tormitekitatud pärandelemendid, nt surnud ja säilikpuud ning tuuleheitemättad, et leevendada mikroklimaatilisi tingimusi ja säilitada kasvusubstraate. | est |
| dc.description.abstract | Publication of this dissertation is supported by the Estonian University of Life Sciences. | eng |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Publication of this dissertation is supported by the Estonian University of Life Sciences. | eng |
| dc.identifier.isbn | 978-9916-91-002-3 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 2382-7076 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10492/9504 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://doi.org/10.15159/emu.142 | |
| dc.publisher | Estonian University of Life Sciences | eng |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | Doctoral Theses of the Estonian University of Life Sciences | eng |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | Eesti Maaülikooli doktoritööd | est |
| dc.rights | © Kristiina Palm-Hellenurm, 2024 | |
| dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | eng |
| dc.rights.uri | https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/ee/Riigikogu/act/519062017005/consolide | est |
| dc.subject | dissertations | eng |
| dc.subject | Green University (thesis is related to EMÜ Green University iniciative’s aims) | eng |
| dc.subject | forest disturbance | eng |
| dc.subject | ground vegetation | eng |
| dc.subject | bryophytes | eng |
| dc.subject | delayed mortality | eng |
| dc.title | Delayed storm and salvage logging effects on forest vegetation recovery and development | eng |
| dc.title.alternative | Tormi ja sanitaarraie pikaaegne mõju metsataimestiku taastumisele ja arengule | est |
| dc.type | Doctoral Thesis | eng |
| dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis | eng |
| dc.type.qualificationname | PhD |
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