Musta leedri (Sambucus nigra L.) viljade omaduste võrdlev hindamine
Laen...
Kuupäev
2023
Kättesaadavus
06.09.2023
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Musta leedri viljad sisaldavad olulisel määral erinevaid inimese tervisele kasulikke
bioaktiivseid aineid, eelkõige orgaanilisi happeid ja fenoolseid ühendeid. On teada, et musta
leedri viljade kvaliteeti mõjutab sort, kasvukoht ja -aasta ning samade sortide erinevad
kvaliteedinäitajad võivad erinevates kasvupiirkondades osaliselt erineda. Käesolev katse
viidi läbi aastatel 2019–2021 Viljandimaal Seedri Puukool OÜ katseistandikus ja Eesti
Maaülikooli Polli aiandusuuringute keskuses. Eesmärgiks oli välja selgitada kolme sordi
viljade füüsikaline ja biokeemiline kvaliteet Eesti tingimustes sõltuvalt kasvuaastast.
Katse andmetel erinesid musta leedri sordid 'Haschberg', 'Sampo' ja 'Riese aus Vossloch' tarja
massi ja viljade arvu poolest tarjas. Sordil ‘Sampo’ olid oluliselt suuremad tarjad kui teistel
sortidel, vastavalt 55 g ja 293 vilja tarjas. Ühe vilja keskmist massi sort ega kasvuaasta ei
mõjutanud. Kasvuaasta mõjutas viljade biokeemilist koostist. Kõige suurem viljamahla
kuivaine ja askorbiinhappe sisaldus avaldus aastal 2021, vastavalt 15,6 °Brix ning 48 mg/100
g. Kõige suurem tiitritavate hapete sisaldus oli aastal 2019, vastavalt 1,16 %. Polüfenoolide
ja antotsüaanide üldsisaldus oli aastal 2019 oluliselt madalam kui aastatel 2020 ja 2021. See
varieerus kolme katseaasta jooksul vastavalt 884–1086 mg ja 608–816 mg/ 100 g.
Tulemustest selgus, et sordid 'Haschberg', 'Sampo' ja 'Riese aus Vossloch' erinesid viljade
füüsikaliste omaduste poolest, kuid ei erinenud üksteisest viljade biokeemilise kvaliteedi
poolest. Kasvuaasta mõjutas oluliselt musta leedri viljade biokeemilist koostist, aga mitte
füüsikalisi näitajaid, mis olid seotud sordiomadustega. Kuna Eestis on musta leedri kasvatamist veel vähe uuritud, tuleks katsetega jätkata.
Tähelepanu oleks vaja pöörata ka sortide talvekindlusele ja viljade valmimise ajale.
The fruits of black elder contain a significant amount of various bioactive substances beneficial to human health, especially organic acids and phenolic compounds. It is known that the quality of black elder fruit is affected by the cultivar, growing site and year, and different quality indicators of the same cultivars may partially differ in different growing regions. This experiment was carried out in the years 2019–2021 at the experimental plantation of Seedri Puukool OÜ in Viljandimaa and at the Polli Horticultural Research Center of the Estonian University of Life Sciences. The aim was to find out the physical and biochemical quality of fruits of three cultivars under Estonian conditions, depending on the year of growth. According to the results, the black elder cultivars 'Haschberg', 'Sampo' and 'Riese aus Vossloch' differed in fruit weight and number of fruits per cluster. The cultivar 'Sampo' had significantly larger clusters than the other cultivars, 55 g and 293 fruits per cluster respectively. The weight of one fruit was not affected by cultivar or growing year. The year of growth influenced the biochemical composition of the fruits. The highest content of fruit soluble solids and ascorbic acid occurred in 2021, 15,6 °Brix and 48 mg/ 100 g, respectively. The highest content of titratable acids was in 2019, respectively 1,16 %. The content of total polyphenols and anthocyanins was significantly lower in 2019 when compared to 2020 and 2021. It varied between 884–1086 mg and 608–816 mg/ 100 g, respectively, during the three experimental years. The results revealed that the varieties 'Haschberg', 'Sampo' and 'Riese aus Vossloch' differed in terms of fruit physical properties but did not differ from each other in terms of fruit biochemical quality. The year of growth had a significant effect on the biochemical composition of black elder fruits, but not on the physical parameters, which were related to vcultivar characteristics. Since the cultivation of black elder in Estonia has not been fully studied yet, experiments should be continued. Attention should also be paid to the winter hardiness of the varieties and the ripening time of the fruits.
The fruits of black elder contain a significant amount of various bioactive substances beneficial to human health, especially organic acids and phenolic compounds. It is known that the quality of black elder fruit is affected by the cultivar, growing site and year, and different quality indicators of the same cultivars may partially differ in different growing regions. This experiment was carried out in the years 2019–2021 at the experimental plantation of Seedri Puukool OÜ in Viljandimaa and at the Polli Horticultural Research Center of the Estonian University of Life Sciences. The aim was to find out the physical and biochemical quality of fruits of three cultivars under Estonian conditions, depending on the year of growth. According to the results, the black elder cultivars 'Haschberg', 'Sampo' and 'Riese aus Vossloch' differed in fruit weight and number of fruits per cluster. The cultivar 'Sampo' had significantly larger clusters than the other cultivars, 55 g and 293 fruits per cluster respectively. The weight of one fruit was not affected by cultivar or growing year. The year of growth influenced the biochemical composition of the fruits. The highest content of fruit soluble solids and ascorbic acid occurred in 2021, 15,6 °Brix and 48 mg/ 100 g, respectively. The highest content of titratable acids was in 2019, respectively 1,16 %. The content of total polyphenols and anthocyanins was significantly lower in 2019 when compared to 2020 and 2021. It varied between 884–1086 mg and 608–816 mg/ 100 g, respectively, during the three experimental years. The results revealed that the varieties 'Haschberg', 'Sampo' and 'Riese aus Vossloch' differed in terms of fruit physical properties but did not differ from each other in terms of fruit biochemical quality. The year of growth had a significant effect on the biochemical composition of black elder fruits, but not on the physical parameters, which were related to vcultivar characteristics. Since the cultivation of black elder in Estonia has not been fully studied yet, experiments should be continued. Attention should also be paid to the winter hardiness of the varieties and the ripening time of the fruits.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Aianduse õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, Sambucus nigra L., tarja mass, viljamahlas lahustunud kuivaine, tiitritavad happed, antotsüaanide üldsisaldus