Metsaseaduse 2014. aasta muudatuste mõju uuendusraietele
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Kuupäev
2015
Kättesaadavus
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
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Abstrakt
Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärgiks oli analüüsida Eesti Vabariigis 2014 aastal kahes osas
jõustunud metsaseaduse redaktsiooni ja seda täpsustavate vastavate määruste mõjusid
raieküpsuse vanuse nõude seni täitnud puistute mahu ja pindala muutumisele.
Enne 2014. aastat kehtinud metsaseaduse redaktsioonides oli uuendusraie minimaalmäära
täitmise nõue sätestatud puistu enamuspuuliigi vanuse või diameetri ületamisega
keskkonnaministri määruses märgitud väärtustest. Selline nõue tõi kaasa aga lisaks küpsete
puistuelementide raiele ka nooremate raie olulise mahu. Sellise olukorra vältimiseks toodi
2014. aastast kehtima hakanud metsaseaduse muudatusega sisse puistu kaalutud keskmise
vanuse arvestamise nõue 1. rinde puistuelementide põhjal.
Analüüsi käigus vaadeldi kogu Eesti puistute metsaregistrisse kantud looduskaitseliste
piiranguteta puistute andmeid ja võrreldi neid metsaseaduse muudatustest lähtuvalt.
Analüüsimiseks oli sobilik ligi 1,3 miljonit hektarit nii era- kui riigiomanduses olevat
metsamaad. Keskmiselt on uuendusraieks klassifitseeruvate puistute pindala vähenenud 6 %
ja maht 3,9 %. Analüüsi tulemuste järgi on piiranguteta metsamaast peale seadusemuudatust
küpseteks sobilike puistute kogutagavara 79 miljonit m3
.
Seatud hüpotees sai kinnitatud osaliselt, kuivõrd keskmisena uuendusraieks sobivate metsade
pindala ja maht vähenesid. Omandi järgi jaotades aga tekkis riigimaadel hoopis küpseteks
sobivate metsade pindala suurenemine 4,1 % ja tagavara suurenemine 5,1 % ning langus
puudutas peamiselt eramaadel asuvaid puistuid: vähenemine 11,5 % pindalast ja 9,3 %
tagavarast.
The objective of the thesis was to analyse Estonian 2014 Forestry Act and regulations of forest management which have an influence on regeneration felling areas and volume. In earlier editions of forestry law the demands for doing regeneration fellings were bounded with main tree species of a stand and their age or the diameter measured at breast height. That type of regulations though created a situation where all elements of stands may have not been mature yet even if the main tree species was. That means a lot of stands were cut before all of its elements were mature. The new regulations since 2014 demand that maturity age of a stand has to be calculated taking weighted average age of the elements of a stands first front. The data in the analyses was obtained from Estonian Forest Register covering all forest stands and woodlands without additional restrictions for forest management. The data of these stands was compared based on demands of the Forest Act before and after 2014 changes. Suitable areas formed a summed are of 1.3 million hectares of woodlands. The areas included both private and state woodlands. On average the area suitable for regeneration fellings has decreased about 6 % and the volume of mature stands has decreased about 3.9 % due to changes of Forest Act. Based on the law from 2014 the volume of the stands suitable for regeneration fellings is 79 million cubic meters. The hypothesis was confirmed partly through analysis because the volume and area suitable for regeneration fellings decreased. Taken by the ownership area of mature forests on state woodlands actually increased 4.1 % and volume increased 5.1 %. On private woodlands potential regeneration felling areas were affected by decreasing 11.5 %. Volume decrease of the stands on private lands was 9.3 %.
The objective of the thesis was to analyse Estonian 2014 Forestry Act and regulations of forest management which have an influence on regeneration felling areas and volume. In earlier editions of forestry law the demands for doing regeneration fellings were bounded with main tree species of a stand and their age or the diameter measured at breast height. That type of regulations though created a situation where all elements of stands may have not been mature yet even if the main tree species was. That means a lot of stands were cut before all of its elements were mature. The new regulations since 2014 demand that maturity age of a stand has to be calculated taking weighted average age of the elements of a stands first front. The data in the analyses was obtained from Estonian Forest Register covering all forest stands and woodlands without additional restrictions for forest management. The data of these stands was compared based on demands of the Forest Act before and after 2014 changes. Suitable areas formed a summed are of 1.3 million hectares of woodlands. The areas included both private and state woodlands. On average the area suitable for regeneration fellings has decreased about 6 % and the volume of mature stands has decreased about 3.9 % due to changes of Forest Act. Based on the law from 2014 the volume of the stands suitable for regeneration fellings is 79 million cubic meters. The hypothesis was confirmed partly through analysis because the volume and area suitable for regeneration fellings decreased. Taken by the ownership area of mature forests on state woodlands actually increased 4.1 % and volume increased 5.1 %. On private woodlands potential regeneration felling areas were affected by decreasing 11.5 %. Volume decrease of the stands on private lands was 9.3 %.
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bakalaureusetööd