Mustikate (Vaccinium) maheviljeluses kasutatud väetised
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Kuupäev
2017
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Noobel, Kristiina
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Järjest enam kasvab inimeste teadlikus toidu osas ja jälgitakse, mida süüakse. Mustikad sisaldavad
tervisele palju kasulikke antioksüdatiivsete omadustega orgaanilisi ühendeid: antotsünaanid,
foolhape, vitamiin A ja C, karotenoidid jne. Nõudluse suurenemisega on vaja saada
mahekasvatustes suuremaid ja kvaliteetsemaid (suuremal hulgal kasulikke aineid sisaldavaid)
saake. Saamaks maheviljeluses suuremaid ja kvaliteetsemaid saake on oluline, et mustikataim
saaks piisavalt toitaineid, st. tagama peab piisava ja sobiva väetamise.
Antud töö eesmärgiks oli kirjanduse põhjal välja selgitada:
• mustikate mahekasvatuses kasutatavad orgaanilised väetised ja iseloomustada nende
omadusi mustikataimede bioloogilistest eripäradest lähtuvalt;
• millised maheviljelusse lubatud väetised tagavad mustikataimede suure saagikuse ning
kõrge bioaktiivsete ühendite sisaldusega marjad.
Lõputöö põhineb teaduskirjandusel. Käesolevas tööst selgub, et on mitmeid orgaanilisi kui ka
kaubalisi väetisi, mis sobivad mustika mahekasvatusse. Saagikust aitab parandada Eestis
kättesaadavatest kaubalistest väetistest Biolan (2,0-1,2-2,0), Kemira Bio, Biolan 4-2-1, Monterra
9-1-4 ja Compost kanakaka. Väga hea saagikuse saab ka, kui kasvatada mustikaid
turbasubstraadis või segada muld turbaga. Viljade keemilisele koostisele mõjub positiivselt
Monterra 9-1-4 (tõstab marjade fenoolide sisaldust), Biolan 4-1-2 (tõstab antotsüaanide sisaldust
marjades). Orgaanilistest materjalidest mõjutavad positiivselt mustika produktiivsust kui ka
marjade kvaliteeti näiteks läga (kui pH-d pidevalt jälgida), kakaokestade substraat, kondijahu,
merevetikas ja pruunvetikas. „Ideaalset väetist“ mustikate maheviljeluses kasutamiseks ei ole,
kuid on mitmeid võimalusi, mille kombineerimisel saab häid tulemusi.
People awareness in food is increasing and they are trying to eat healthier. Blueberries contain number of beneficial photochemical contributing to health: anthocyanins, folic acid, vitamin A and C, carotenoids, etc. As the demand for organically grown blueberries is increasing it´s necessary to obtain higher yields and berries with higher quality. In order for blueberries to produce high quality berries with high yields they must receive sufficient nutrients, it means that adequate and appropriate fertilization is needed. The aim of this thesis is, based on scientific literature, to identify: • different fertilizers used in blueberry organic farming and characterise their characteristics based on biological specifics of blueberry • which organic fertilizers allowed in blueberry organic farming ensure high yield and berries rich in bioactive compounds. This work is based on scientific literature. The work in hand shows that both organical and commercially sold fertilizers can be used in blueberry organical farming. Biolan (2,0-1,2-2,0), Kemira Bio, Biolan 4-2-1, Monterra 9-1-4 and compost poultry manure help to improve blueberry yields. Peat substrate and soil amended with peat also helped to improve blueberry yields. Monterra 9-1-4 (increase phenols) and Biolan 4-1-2 (increase anthocyanins) have positive effects on berries chemical composition. Organic materials like slurry (when the pH is monitored continuously), cocoa shell substrate, bone meal and kelp/seaweed have positive effect on both, blueberry yield and chemical composition of berries. There is not one “perfect” organic fertilizer for blueberry organic farming, but by combining different fertilizers the results can be good.
People awareness in food is increasing and they are trying to eat healthier. Blueberries contain number of beneficial photochemical contributing to health: anthocyanins, folic acid, vitamin A and C, carotenoids, etc. As the demand for organically grown blueberries is increasing it´s necessary to obtain higher yields and berries with higher quality. In order for blueberries to produce high quality berries with high yields they must receive sufficient nutrients, it means that adequate and appropriate fertilization is needed. The aim of this thesis is, based on scientific literature, to identify: • different fertilizers used in blueberry organic farming and characterise their characteristics based on biological specifics of blueberry • which organic fertilizers allowed in blueberry organic farming ensure high yield and berries rich in bioactive compounds. This work is based on scientific literature. The work in hand shows that both organical and commercially sold fertilizers can be used in blueberry organical farming. Biolan (2,0-1,2-2,0), Kemira Bio, Biolan 4-2-1, Monterra 9-1-4 and compost poultry manure help to improve blueberry yields. Peat substrate and soil amended with peat also helped to improve blueberry yields. Monterra 9-1-4 (increase phenols) and Biolan 4-1-2 (increase anthocyanins) have positive effects on berries chemical composition. Organic materials like slurry (when the pH is monitored continuously), cocoa shell substrate, bone meal and kelp/seaweed have positive effect on both, blueberry yield and chemical composition of berries. There is not one “perfect” organic fertilizer for blueberry organic farming, but by combining different fertilizers the results can be good.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö Aianduse erialal
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, vedelsõnnik, läga, sõnnik, turvas