Raskmetallide akumulatsioon söögiseentes harilik kivipuravik (Boletus edulis), harilik kukeseen (Cantharellus cibarius), arušampinjon (Agaricus campestris) ja suur sirmik (Macrolepiota procera)
Laen...
Kuupäev
2017
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Seentel on looduses, sealhulgas metsaökosüsteemides oluline roll. Saprotroofid
orgaanilise aine lagundajatena ja puudega sümbioosis olevad mükoriisaseened on
asendamatud metsaökosüsteemide aineringes. Seened on olulised ka inimeste elus.
Looduses kasvavaid söögiseeni on kogutud ja kasutatud tuhandeid aastaid ning nende
korjamine ja tarbimine toiduna on populaarne paljudes riikides, sealhulgas Eestis.
Uuringud on näidanud, et seened suudavad omastada ja akumuleerida väga kõrgel tasemel
raskmetalli ühendeid, sealhulgas inimesele toksilisi metalliühendeid, mis tulenevad
keskkonnasaastest.
Töös uuritakse nelja söögiseene: harilik kukeseen (Cantharellus cibarius), harilik
kivipuravik (Boletus edulis), arušampinjon (Agaricus campestris), suur sirmik
(Macrolepiota procera) näitel raskmetallide elavhõbeda (Hg), kaadmiumi (Cd), plii (Pb)
ja arseeni (As) akumuleerumist seente viljakehades. Töö on kirjandusepõhine, kasutatud
on Euroopa erinevate riikide teadusartikleid, mis on avaldatud aastatel 2000-2016.
Erinevate riikide teadusartiklite andmeid võrreldes selgus, et töös käsitletud
saprotroofsete seente viljakehad on üldjuhul paremad raskmetallide akumulaatorid kui
mükoriisaseente viljakehad. Erandlikuks osutus harilik kivipuravik, mille viljakehade
metallikontsentratsioon võib isegi vähese saastusega alal olla sama kõrge kui
saprotroofsel seenel. Kõige madalamad raskmetallide kontsentratsioonid esinesid hariliku
kukeseene viljakehades. Kasvades väga suure saastekoormusega alal, võib ka selle seene
viljakehas metallikontsentratsioon olla 20 korda suurem kui saastamata alal kasvanud
seenel. Üldjuhul on seente kübaras, eriti eoslavas, metallikontsentratsioonid kõrgemad kui
seente jalas.
Saastekoormusega aladel kasvavad söögiseened võivad viljakehadesse akumuleerida
raskmetalle sellises kontsentratsioonis, mis võib nende tarbimisel kujutada ohtu inimese
tervisele.
Fungi form an exceptionally diverse group of organisms, which are ubiquitous in nature and play an important role in forest ecosystems. They are directly involved in recycling energy and nutrients and they affect plant communities through mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mushrooms have been long known to accumulate high concentrations of metallic elements, including toxic metallic compounds from environmental pollution. The work explores accumulation of mercury, cadmium, lead and arsenic in the sporocarps of four edible mushroom Boletus edulis, Cantharellus cibarius, Agaricus campestris and Macrolepiota procera. This work is based on research papers from different European countries in the years 2000-2017. This work demontrated that accumulation of heavy metals in wild edible mushrooms differs, being affected by fungal species of different ecology and habitat pollution levels. Metal contents in saprophytic fungi are generally higher in comparison with mycorrhizal. Boletus edulis proved to be an exception in this, it accumulated heavy metals at very high levels. The lowest heavy metal concentrations were in Cantharellus cibarius, but when it grows in high pollution areas, concentrations of heavy metals could be an average of twenty times higher than in the uncontaminated areas. Generally, the heavy metal concentrations in all mushroom species was higher in the cap than stipe. The content of metallic elements in many mushroom species is considerably high, especially if they are growing heavily polluted areas and their consumption may pose a risk to human health.
Fungi form an exceptionally diverse group of organisms, which are ubiquitous in nature and play an important role in forest ecosystems. They are directly involved in recycling energy and nutrients and they affect plant communities through mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mushrooms have been long known to accumulate high concentrations of metallic elements, including toxic metallic compounds from environmental pollution. The work explores accumulation of mercury, cadmium, lead and arsenic in the sporocarps of four edible mushroom Boletus edulis, Cantharellus cibarius, Agaricus campestris and Macrolepiota procera. This work is based on research papers from different European countries in the years 2000-2017. This work demontrated that accumulation of heavy metals in wild edible mushrooms differs, being affected by fungal species of different ecology and habitat pollution levels. Metal contents in saprophytic fungi are generally higher in comparison with mycorrhizal. Boletus edulis proved to be an exception in this, it accumulated heavy metals at very high levels. The lowest heavy metal concentrations were in Cantharellus cibarius, but when it grows in high pollution areas, concentrations of heavy metals could be an average of twenty times higher than in the uncontaminated areas. Generally, the heavy metal concentrations in all mushroom species was higher in the cap than stipe. The content of metallic elements in many mushroom species is considerably high, especially if they are growing heavily polluted areas and their consumption may pose a risk to human health.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Loodusvarade kasutamise ja kaitse õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, elavhõbe, kaadmium, plii, arseen, söögiseened, raskemetallid