Tallamise mõju hariliku männi (Pinus sylvestris L.) kasvule Taevaskodade ja Tiksoja matkaradadel
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Kuupäev
2025
Kättesaadavus
03.09.2025
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Käesolevas magistritöös uuriti tallamise mõju hariliku männi (Pinus sylvestris L.) kasvule kahel erineval matkarajal – Taevaskojas ja Tiksojas. Uuringu eesmärk oli võrrelda rajaäärsete puude ja tallamismõjust eemal olevate puude kasvudünaamikat ja tundlikkust klimaatiliste tegurite suhtes. Uurimismeetodina kasutati dendrokronoloogilist analüüsi: 64 puult koguti puursüdamikud, mõõdeti ja standardiseeriti aastarõngalaiused ning arvutati aastarõnga pindala juurdekasv (BAI), et võrrelda puude kasvu matkaraja ääres ja rajast eemal metsas. Standardiseeritud mõõtmistest koostatud kronoloogiaid kasutati puude kasvu ja kliimategurite, sh sademete hulga, temperatuuri ning standardiseeritud sademete-aurumise indeksi (SPEI) vaheliste seoste analüüsimiseks ning kliimatundlikkuse hindamiseks.
Töös testiti kolme hüpoteesi:
H1: Hariliku männi radiaalkasv matkaradade läheduses kasvavatel puudel on väiksem kui puudel, mis kasvavad puistute häiringuta osades.
H2: Matkaraja vahetus läheduses kasvavad puud on veepuuduse ja eriti põuatingimuste suhtes tundlikumad kui need puud, mis kasvavad puistu häiringuta osades.
H3: Tiksoja matkaraja ääres kasvavad puud, kus rada rajati hiljuti puistu arengu hilisemas etapis, on tallamise suhtes tundlikumad kui Taevaskodade matkaraja puud, kus turismitegevus algas varem, kui mets oli noor.
Tulemused näitasid, et rajaäärsete puude radiaalne juurdekasv on veidi suurem kui matkarajast eemal, mis viitab võimalusele, et tallamise mõju võib avalduda pikema aja jooksul või olla leevendatud paremate valgus- ja toitainetingimuste tõttu. Tiksoja matkaraja ääres kasvavad puud näitasid suuremat tundlikust kliimategurite suhtes, mis võib viidata külastuskoormuse hiljutisele suurenemisele. Seevastu Taevaskodade matkaraja puud, kus turismitegevus on kestnud pikemat aega, olid kliima suhtes vähem tundlikud, mis võib viidata pikaajalisele kohanemisele tallamise mõjudega.
This master's thesis examines the impact of trampling on the radial growth and climate sensitivity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) along two hiking trails in South Estonia: Taevaskoja and Tiksoja. The aim was to assess whether trees growing near trails differ in growth dynamics and climatic response compared to those in undisturbed forest areas. A dendrochronological approach was applied in this study: increment cores from 64 trees were collected, tree-ring widths measured and standardized, and basal area increment was calculated to compare growth between trail-edge and forest-interior trees. Chronologies calculated from standardized measurements were used to assess relationships with climate variables, including precipitation, temperature and the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI), and to evaluate climatic sensitivity. Three hypotheses were tested: H1: The radial growth of Scots pine trees growing near hiking trails differs, with an expected decrease, compared to that of trees growing in undisturbed forest stands. H2: Trees growing adjacent to hiking trails are more sensitive to water deficit, especially under drought conditions than trees in undisturbed forest areas. H3: Trees growing along the Tiksoja trail, which was established more recently in a mature forest phase, are more sensitive to trampling than trees along the Taevaskodade trail, where tourism activity began earlier, when the forest was younger. The results showed that trees growing near hiking trails exhibited greater radial growth than forest-interior trees, suggesting that trampling effects may be delayed or mitigated by improved light and resource availability. Trees near the Tiksoja trail showed higher sensitivity to climatic variables, possibly reflecting increases in visitor pressure. In contrast, the trees along the Taevaskodade trail, where hiking tourism has a longer history, displayed lower climate sensitivity, which may indicate long-term adaptation to trampling.
This master's thesis examines the impact of trampling on the radial growth and climate sensitivity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) along two hiking trails in South Estonia: Taevaskoja and Tiksoja. The aim was to assess whether trees growing near trails differ in growth dynamics and climatic response compared to those in undisturbed forest areas. A dendrochronological approach was applied in this study: increment cores from 64 trees were collected, tree-ring widths measured and standardized, and basal area increment was calculated to compare growth between trail-edge and forest-interior trees. Chronologies calculated from standardized measurements were used to assess relationships with climate variables, including precipitation, temperature and the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI), and to evaluate climatic sensitivity. Three hypotheses were tested: H1: The radial growth of Scots pine trees growing near hiking trails differs, with an expected decrease, compared to that of trees growing in undisturbed forest stands. H2: Trees growing adjacent to hiking trails are more sensitive to water deficit, especially under drought conditions than trees in undisturbed forest areas. H3: Trees growing along the Tiksoja trail, which was established more recently in a mature forest phase, are more sensitive to trampling than trees along the Taevaskodade trail, where tourism activity began earlier, when the forest was younger. The results showed that trees growing near hiking trails exhibited greater radial growth than forest-interior trees, suggesting that trampling effects may be delayed or mitigated by improved light and resource availability. Trees near the Tiksoja trail showed higher sensitivity to climatic variables, possibly reflecting increases in visitor pressure. In contrast, the trees along the Taevaskodade trail, where hiking tourism has a longer history, displayed lower climate sensitivity, which may indicate long-term adaptation to trampling.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Loodusturismi õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, dendrokronoloogia, tallamise mõju, külastuskoormus, matkarada, harilik mänd, aastarõngalaiuste juurdekasv, aastarõnga pindala juurdekasv, kliimatundlikus, põuaindeks (SPEI)