Praakimispõhjustest eesti holsteini ja eesti punast tõugu piimaveisekarjades
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Kuupäev
2017
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Magistritöö eesmärk oli uurida eesti holsteini (EHF) ja eesti punast (EPK) tõugu lehmade
praakimispõhjuseid ja nende seoseid erinevate faktoritega nagu farmi suurus, aastaaeg,
lehmade vanus, ööpäevane lüpsikordade arv, keskmine päevade arv poegimisest jne.
Analüüsiti viie aasta jõudluskontrolli andmeid (2012.–2016. a).
Uuringuteks valiti juhuvaliku teel 20 Eesti parimat farmi, kus kasvatati eesti punast ja eesti
holsteini tõugu lehmi. Vajalikud andmed saadi Eesti Põllumajandusloomade
Jõudluskontrolli AS andmebaasist.
Tulemustest selgus, et EHF tõugu lehmi praagiti kõige rohkem jäsemete probleemide
(25,4%), sigimisprobleemide (17,8%) ja mastiidi (16,7%) tõttu. EPK tõugu lehmadel oli
kõige olulisemaks praakimise põhjuseks mastiit (27,1%), sellele järgnesid jäsemete
probleemid (16,03%) ja sigimisprobleemid (15,13%). Väikese toodangu tõttu praagiti
mõlema tõu loomi kõige rohkem esimesel laktatsioonil. Udaravigade ja -traumade
põhjusel praagiti enam robotlüpstavaid lehmi. EHF tõul suurenes praakimine mastiidi
tõttu laktatsiooninumbri kasvades, kuid EPK tõul sellist seost ei leitud. Selgus ka, et
sunnitud (bioloogilistel) põhjustel praakimise osakaal oli mõlemal tõul palju suurem kui
majanduslikel ja muudel põhjustel praakimine.
Lõppkokkuvõttes võib öelda, et Eesti parimates farmides praagiti kõige rohkem lehmi
bioloogilistel põhjustel. Robotfarmides praagiti udaraprobleemide tõttu kõige vähem eesti
punast tõugu lehmi, samas holsteini lehmade karjast väljaminek oli seal kõige suurem.
Suurema lüpsikordade arvuga farmides praagiti vähem lehmi mastiidi tõttu.
The aim of the Master’s thesis was to find out the culling reasons among the Estonian Holstein (EHF) and the Estonian Red (EPK) dairy cattle and the relationships between the culling causes and relationship with different factors, like the size of farm, season, age of cows, milking system, average number of days since calving, etc. The last five years (2012–2016) performance testing records were under observation. In order to carry out the survey for the Master’s thesis, 20 best farms in Estonia wa randomly selected, where the Estonian Holstein (EHF) and the Estonian Red (EPK) cows were reared. The required data was obtained from the database of Estonian Livestock Performance Recording Ltd. The results show that the EHF breed cows were mainly culled due to different foot issues (25.4%), reproduction disorders (17.8%) and mastitis (16.7%). Among the EPK the main culling reason was mastitis (27.1%), thereafter the foot problems (16.03%) and the reproduction disorders (15.13%). Due to the low milk yield, the most of the animals in both breeds was culled during the first parity. Main culling reason in robot milking farms was udder injuries and injuries. Among EHF cows, the culling increased due to mastitis as the parity number increased, but in relation to the EPK, no relationship was found. It comes out that culling due to forced (biological) reasons among both breeds was much larger than due to economic or other reasons. Finally we can say that the culling was made by the biological reasons in the best farms in Estonia. The least Estonian Red cows were culled due to the udder problems and traumas in robot milking farms, at the same time Holstein cows were culled at the most. The dairy farms which had more frequent milking per day, the lowest number of cows were culled due to mastitis.
The aim of the Master’s thesis was to find out the culling reasons among the Estonian Holstein (EHF) and the Estonian Red (EPK) dairy cattle and the relationships between the culling causes and relationship with different factors, like the size of farm, season, age of cows, milking system, average number of days since calving, etc. The last five years (2012–2016) performance testing records were under observation. In order to carry out the survey for the Master’s thesis, 20 best farms in Estonia wa randomly selected, where the Estonian Holstein (EHF) and the Estonian Red (EPK) cows were reared. The required data was obtained from the database of Estonian Livestock Performance Recording Ltd. The results show that the EHF breed cows were mainly culled due to different foot issues (25.4%), reproduction disorders (17.8%) and mastitis (16.7%). Among the EPK the main culling reason was mastitis (27.1%), thereafter the foot problems (16.03%) and the reproduction disorders (15.13%). Due to the low milk yield, the most of the animals in both breeds was culled during the first parity. Main culling reason in robot milking farms was udder injuries and injuries. Among EHF cows, the culling increased due to mastitis as the parity number increased, but in relation to the EPK, no relationship was found. It comes out that culling due to forced (biological) reasons among both breeds was much larger than due to economic or other reasons. Finally we can say that the culling was made by the biological reasons in the best farms in Estonia. The least Estonian Red cows were culled due to the udder problems and traumas in robot milking farms, at the same time Holstein cows were culled at the most. The dairy farms which had more frequent milking per day, the lowest number of cows were culled due to mastitis.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö loomakasvatuse eriaalal
Märksõnad
magistritööd, Eesti Holstein, Eesti Punane, praakimine, piimaveised, lüpsikorrad