Aastatel 2019-2023 Eestis tuvastatud maaelu arengu toetustega seotud pettuse kahtlusega taotlejate majanduslikud tagajärjed
Laen...
Kuupäev
2025
Kättesaadavus
28.08.2025
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Põllumajandus on valdkond, mida iseloomustab suur risk ja keerukus, tulenevalt looduslikest, majanduslikest ja regulatiivsetest teguritest. Toetused aitavad leevendada põllumajandussektori riske ning samal ajal soodustada maaettevõtluse ja maaelu arengut, kuid paraku sisaldab süsteem ka võimalusi toetuste kuritarvitamiseks.
Töö eesmärk oli saada ülevaade sellest, millised majanduslikud tagajärjed on ilmnenud taotlejatel, kelle suhtes on Eestis aastatel 2019–2023 tuvastatud pettuse kahtlus. Uuring tugines PRIA andmetele ning kasutas mitme juhtumiuuringu meetodit. Analüüsiti toetusesaajate majandusnäitajaid (müügitulu, ärikasum, põhivara), toetussummasid ja tuvastatud rikkumisi.
Tulemused näitavad, et pettuse kahtlusega juhtumite mõju ettevõtetele varieerus: mõnel juhul paranesid majandustulemused, teistel juhtudel tegevus lõppes. Ilmnes, et tagajärgede erinevus sõltus pettusliku taotleja eesmärkidest, olgu selleks turul konkurentsieelise saavutamine või pelgalt toetuse väljapetmine. Sagedamini olid need juhtumid seotud kunstlike tingimuste loomisega toetuse saamiseks.
Töö praktiline panus seisneb soovitustes tõhustada järelevalvet ja suurendada ennetustegevusi, sealhulgas PRIA ja Eesti Maaülikooli koostöös tulevaste taotlejate teadlikkuse tõstmisel. Teoreetiline panus väljendub rent-seekingu ja pettuse kolmnurga rakendamises maaelu toetuste kontekstis, mis aitab paremini mõtestada toetuste väärkasutamise motiive ja mehhanisme. Uuring loob aluse jätku-uuringuteks, näiteks regressioonanalüüsi kasutamiseks pettuse kahtlusega ja ausate toetustaotlejate võrdlemisel, samuti kvalitatiivsete meetodite kaasamiseks pettuste motiivide ja riskikäitumise paremaks mõistmiseks.
Agriculture is a field that involves high risk and complexity due to natural, economic, and legal factors. Support from the government and the European Union helps reduce risks in farming and supports the development of rural businesses. At the same time, the system can also be misused by people who apply for support unfairly. The goal of this thesis was to give an overview of the economic effects on applicants in Estonia who were suspected of fraud when using rural development support between 2019 and 2023. The study used data from PRIA (the Agricultural Registers and Information Board) and applied a multiple case study method. It analysed economic indicators such as sales revenue, operating profit, and fixed assets, as well as the amounts of support received and the violations discovered. The results show that the effects of suspected fraud varied. In some cases, the financial situation improved, while in others the business stopped operating. The outcome often depended on the applicant’s goal — whether they wanted to gain an advantage in the market or simply get the money without real business activity. Many cases involved creating artificial conditions to receive support. This thesis gives practical suggestions to improve monitoring and raise awareness among future applicants, for example through cooperation between PRIA and the Estonian University of Life Sciences. It also uses theories like rent-seeking and the fraud triangle to better understand the reasons behind misuse of support. The study provides a basis for further research, such as comparing honest and dishonest applicants or using interviews to explore the motives behind fraud.
Agriculture is a field that involves high risk and complexity due to natural, economic, and legal factors. Support from the government and the European Union helps reduce risks in farming and supports the development of rural businesses. At the same time, the system can also be misused by people who apply for support unfairly. The goal of this thesis was to give an overview of the economic effects on applicants in Estonia who were suspected of fraud when using rural development support between 2019 and 2023. The study used data from PRIA (the Agricultural Registers and Information Board) and applied a multiple case study method. It analysed economic indicators such as sales revenue, operating profit, and fixed assets, as well as the amounts of support received and the violations discovered. The results show that the effects of suspected fraud varied. In some cases, the financial situation improved, while in others the business stopped operating. The outcome often depended on the applicant’s goal — whether they wanted to gain an advantage in the market or simply get the money without real business activity. Many cases involved creating artificial conditions to receive support. This thesis gives practical suggestions to improve monitoring and raise awareness among future applicants, for example through cooperation between PRIA and the Estonian University of Life Sciences. It also uses theories like rent-seeking and the fraud triangle to better understand the reasons behind misuse of support. The study provides a basis for further research, such as comparing honest and dishonest applicants or using interviews to explore the motives behind fraud.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Ökonoomika ja ettevõtluse õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, põllumajandus, maaelu arengu toetused, toetuspettused, PRIA