Õuntes esinevad looduslikud allergeenid ja allergeensust mõjutavad tegurid
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Kuupäev
2016
Kättesaadavus
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Õun on laialdaselt levinud vili, mis sisaldab suurel hulgal organismile kasulikke ühendeid.
Peale kasulike ühendite võivad õunad sisaldada aineid, mis kutsuvad mõnedes inimestes
esile tugevaid allergilisi reaktsioone. Euroopas esineb toiduallergiat üha rohkem; õunaallergeenid
on 24-st toiduallergeenist neljandal kohal. Töö eesmärgiks oli välja selgitada,
mil määral mõjutavad õunte allergeensust geneetilised tegurid ja kasvatus- ning
säilitustingimused. Õuntes on tuvastatud neli peamist allergeeni: Mal d 1, Mal d 2, Mal d 3
ja Mal d 4. Õuna allergeensed omadused sõltuvad suuresti sordist. Kõige tugevama
allergeensusega sortide hulka kuulusid ’Golden Delicious’, ’Jonagold’, ja ’Gala’. Kõige
nõrgema allergeensusega sortide hulka kuulusid ’Elise’,’Topaz’ ja ’Santana’. Õunte
allergeensus võib erineda sama sordi erinevate viljade ja sama vilja erinevate osade vahel.
Allergeene Mal d 1, Mal d 2 ja Mal d 3 hakatakse õunas sünteesima siis, kui taim kannatab
keskkonna poolt põhjustatud stressi all, sest eelnevalt nimetatud allergeenidel on taimes
kaitsev roll. Integreeritud tootmises mõjutab allergeeni Mal d 1 sünteesi eelkõige
pestitsiididega töötlemine ja mahetootmises mõjutavad eelkõige biootilised stressifaktorid.
Säilitamise jooksul suurenes allergeeni Mal d 1 sisaldus ning vähenes Mal d 3 sisaldus.
Käesolev töö on koostatud teaduskirjanduse baasil ja kuna mitmete töös välja toodud sortide
õunu imporditakse ka Eesti poekettidesse, võib töös esitatud info olla abiks Eestis elavatele
allergikutele importõunte seas ohutumate sortide valimisel. Hetkel ei ole teada ühegi Eestis
kasvatatava õunasordi allergeensus ja nende määramine oleks kohaliku õuna tarbijate tervise
seisukohast oluline.
Apple is widely consumed fruit, which contains several health beneficial compounds like vitamins and polyphenols. Besides beneficial compounds, apples may also contain ingredients that cause strong allergic reactions. The aim of this study was to give an overview about the main apple allergens and to find out to which extent genetic factors and pre- and postharvest technologies affect apple allergenicity. Four major allergens have been identified in apple: Mal d 1, Mal d 2, Mal d 3 and Mal d 4. There can be significant variations in allergen content in different apple cultivars. Cultivars with high allergenicity are ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Gala’. Cultivars with low allergenicity are ‘Elise’, ‘Topaz’ and ‘Santana’. Also there can be inter-apple or intra-apple variability. Apple allergens Mal d 1, Mal d 2 and Mal d 3 are expressed in response to biotic and abiotic stress, because they have defensive role in plant. In integrated apple production, Mal d 1 synthesis may be induced by pesticide treatment and in organical apple production mostly by biotic stress factors. Mal d 1 content increases and Mal d 3 content decreases during storage. This study is based on scientific literature. In Estonian markets, there are several cultivars available, which are outlined in literature. Information presented in this study, can be helpful for Estonian people who have apple allergy and they can choose less allergenic apple cultivars. At the moment, there is no information about apple allergenic content in cultivars, which are cultivated in Estonia. In further studies it would be important to determine it.
Apple is widely consumed fruit, which contains several health beneficial compounds like vitamins and polyphenols. Besides beneficial compounds, apples may also contain ingredients that cause strong allergic reactions. The aim of this study was to give an overview about the main apple allergens and to find out to which extent genetic factors and pre- and postharvest technologies affect apple allergenicity. Four major allergens have been identified in apple: Mal d 1, Mal d 2, Mal d 3 and Mal d 4. There can be significant variations in allergen content in different apple cultivars. Cultivars with high allergenicity are ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Gala’. Cultivars with low allergenicity are ‘Elise’, ‘Topaz’ and ‘Santana’. Also there can be inter-apple or intra-apple variability. Apple allergens Mal d 1, Mal d 2 and Mal d 3 are expressed in response to biotic and abiotic stress, because they have defensive role in plant. In integrated apple production, Mal d 1 synthesis may be induced by pesticide treatment and in organical apple production mostly by biotic stress factors. Mal d 1 content increases and Mal d 3 content decreases during storage. This study is based on scientific literature. In Estonian markets, there are several cultivars available, which are outlined in literature. Information presented in this study, can be helpful for Estonian people who have apple allergy and they can choose less allergenic apple cultivars. At the moment, there is no information about apple allergenic content in cultivars, which are cultivated in Estonia. In further studies it would be important to determine it.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
õun, allergeenid, allergia, bakalaureusetööd