Väikepidajate kanade gastrointestinaalsed parasitoosid Eestis, seos bioturvalisuse ja pidamistingimustega
Laen...
Kuupäev
2026
Kättesaadavus
03.09.2026
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Kodukanade pidamine on Euroopas, sealhulgas Eestis, populaarsust kogunud, mistõttu on
tekkinud vajadus süstemaatiliste andmete järele seedetrakti parasiitide levimuse ja
bioturvalisuse tavade kohta mittekaubanduslikes pidamissüsteemides. Lõputöö eesmärk
oli kirjeldada pidamistingimusi ja seedetrakti parasiitide levimust Eesti
väikemajapidamiste kanakarjades, hinnata bioturvalisust Biocheck.UGent tööriista abil
ning tuvastada seoseid bioturvalisuse tulemuste ja parasiitide esinemise vahel.
Jaanuarist novembrini 2025. aastal koguti 13 Eesti maakonnas 62 hobipidamisel
kanakarjast väljaheiteproove ja täidetud bioturvalisuse küsimustikke. Parasitoloogilised
analüüsid viidi läbi valideeritud koproloogiliste meetoditega ning statistiline analüüs
programmiga Python kasutades mitteparameetrilisi teste.
Vähemalt üks seedetrakti parasiit tuvastati 79,0%-st karjadest. Eimeria spp. oli kõige
levinum (67,7%), järgnesid Heterakis spp. (33,9%) ja Capillaria spp. (32,3%).
Metslindudega kokkupuude oli seotud Capillaria spp. kõrgema levimusega (40,0% vs
7,0%; p=0,016). Karjades, kus haigeid linde ei eraldatud tervetest, olid sisemise
bioturvalisuse tulemused oluliselt madalamad (p<0,001).Keskmine bioturvalisuse
hinnangväärtus karjadele oli 60,6%, ületades globaalset kontrollväärtust 39%. Kõrgemad
välised bioturvalisuse väärtused olid seotud madalama Eimeria spp. levimusega (r =
−0,402; p = 0,001) ja väiksema parasiidiliikide arvuga karja kohta (ρ = −0,303; p = 0,017).
Madalaima bioturvalisuse kategooriaga karjades oli Eimeria spp. levimus 100%. Kõige
nõrgemad bioturvalisuse valdkonnad olid puhastamine ja desinfitseerimine, haiguste tõrje
ning infrastruktuur ja bioloogilise vektori tõrje. Regulaarne veterinaari külastus oli seotud
madalama siseparasiitide liigilise koosseisuga karjas.
Tulemused näitasid, et seedetrakti parasiidid on Eesti väikemajapidamiste kanakarjades
tavalised ning väline bioturvalisus on seotud Eimeria spp. esinemisega. Bioturvalisuse
parandamine eelkõige valdkondades puhastamine, vektorite tõrje, lindude soetamisega
seotud tavad, haigete lindude nõuetekohane eraldamine ja regulaarne veterinaarjärelvalve,
võivad oluliselt vähendada parasiitide nakkussurvet kanakarjades. Biocheck.UGent
tööriista soovitatakse praktilise vahendina veterinaararstidele, kes töötavad
hobikanapidajatega.
Backyard chicken keeping has grown in popularity across Europe, including Estonia, creating a need for systematic data on gastrointestinal parasite prevalence and biosecurity practices in non-commercial production systems. The aim of this thesis was to describe husbandry conditions and gastrointestinal parasite prevalence in Estonian backyard chicken flocks, to assess biosecurity performance using the Biocheck.UGent tool and to identify associations between biosecurity scores and parasite outcomes. Between January and November 2025, faecal samples and completed biosecurity questionnaires were collected from 62 backyard chicken flocks across 13 Estonian counties. Parasitological analyses were carried out using validated coproscopic methods and statistical analysis was performed in Python using non-parametric tests. At least one gastrointestinal parasite was detected in 79.0% of flocks. Eimeria spp. was the most prevalent (67.7%), followed by Heterakis spp. (33.9%) and Capillaria spp. (32.3%). Contact with wild birds was associated with higher Capillaria spp. prevalence (40.0% vs 7.0%; p = 0.016). In flocks where sick birds were not separated from healthy birds, internal biosecurity scores were significantly lower (p < 0.001). The mean total biosecurity score was 60.6%, exceeding the global reference value of 39%. Higher external biosecurity scores were associated with lower Eimeria spp. prevalence (r = −0.402; p = 0.001) and fewer parasite species per flock (ρ = −0.303; p = 0.017). In the lowest biosecurity tier, Eimeria spp. prevalence was 100%. The weakest biosecurity areas were cleaning and disinfection, disease management, infrastructure and biological vector control. Regular veterinary visits were associated with lower parasite species richness per flock. The results demonstrate that gastrointestinal parasites are common in Estonian backyard chicken flocks and that external biosecurity performance is associated with Eimeria spp. prevalence. Improving biosecurity, particularly in the areas of cleaning, vector control, bird procurement practices, appropriate separation of sick birds and regular veterinary oversight, could substantially reduce parasite pressure in backyard flocks. The Biocheck.UGent tool is recommended as a practical instrument for veterinarians working with backyard poultry keepers.
Backyard chicken keeping has grown in popularity across Europe, including Estonia, creating a need for systematic data on gastrointestinal parasite prevalence and biosecurity practices in non-commercial production systems. The aim of this thesis was to describe husbandry conditions and gastrointestinal parasite prevalence in Estonian backyard chicken flocks, to assess biosecurity performance using the Biocheck.UGent tool and to identify associations between biosecurity scores and parasite outcomes. Between January and November 2025, faecal samples and completed biosecurity questionnaires were collected from 62 backyard chicken flocks across 13 Estonian counties. Parasitological analyses were carried out using validated coproscopic methods and statistical analysis was performed in Python using non-parametric tests. At least one gastrointestinal parasite was detected in 79.0% of flocks. Eimeria spp. was the most prevalent (67.7%), followed by Heterakis spp. (33.9%) and Capillaria spp. (32.3%). Contact with wild birds was associated with higher Capillaria spp. prevalence (40.0% vs 7.0%; p = 0.016). In flocks where sick birds were not separated from healthy birds, internal biosecurity scores were significantly lower (p < 0.001). The mean total biosecurity score was 60.6%, exceeding the global reference value of 39%. Higher external biosecurity scores were associated with lower Eimeria spp. prevalence (r = −0.402; p = 0.001) and fewer parasite species per flock (ρ = −0.303; p = 0.017). In the lowest biosecurity tier, Eimeria spp. prevalence was 100%. The weakest biosecurity areas were cleaning and disinfection, disease management, infrastructure and biological vector control. Regular veterinary visits were associated with lower parasite species richness per flock. The results demonstrate that gastrointestinal parasites are common in Estonian backyard chicken flocks and that external biosecurity performance is associated with Eimeria spp. prevalence. Improving biosecurity, particularly in the areas of cleaning, vector control, bird procurement practices, appropriate separation of sick birds and regular veterinary oversight, could substantially reduce parasite pressure in backyard flocks. The Biocheck.UGent tool is recommended as a practical instrument for veterinarians working with backyard poultry keepers.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Veterinaarmeditsiini õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, veterinaarmeditsiin, kodulinnud, parasitoloogia