Coxiella burnetii esinemine Eesti kodumäletsejaliste abordimaterjalis
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Kuupäev
2025
Kättesaadav alates
04.09.2025
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Coxiella burnetii (CB) on zoonootiline obligatoorne rakusisene bakter, mis põhjustab inimestel Q palavikku ja loomadel koksielloosi. CB levik on ülemaailmne ja paljudes riikides saavutanud endeemilise staatuse. Inimesele on bakteri tähtsaimaks reservuaariks kodumäletsejalised, kelle hulka kuuluvad veised, lambad ja kitsed. Koksielloosi nakatunud loomad on enamasti asümptomaatilised või esineb tiinetel loomadel aborte ja enneaegseid või surnultsünde. Bakter satub keskkonda loomade väljaheidete, piima, tupenõrede või abordimaterjaliga. Eestis on varasemalt veise- ja lambakarjades uuritud CB serolevimust piima- ja seerumiproovidest, kuid abordijäänuseid uurimismaterjalina ei ole seni teadustöös kasutatud. Käesoleva uurimistöö eesmärk oli tuvastada CB DNA olemasolu Eesti lammaste abordimaterjalis kasutades kvalitatiivset polümeraasi ahelreaktsiooni (PCR). Uuringusse kaasati 6 karja erinevatest Eesti piirkondadest, kust koguti kokku 17 platsentaproovi. DNA eraldati DNeasy® Blood & Tissue Kit-iga (Qiagen™, Valencia, CA, USA) vastavalt tootja juhistele. PCR analüüsis kasutati amplifitsiooniks CB-le spetsiifilist IS1111 geenifragmenti. Ükski proov ei osutunud CB DNA-le positiivseks, kuigi üks proov andis esialgsel testimisel nõrga positiivse signaali. Uuringu tulemustesse tuleb suhtuda ettevaatlikkusega arvestades väikest karjade valimit ja proovide arvu, mis ei võimalda teha üldistusi nakkuse esinemise kohta Eesti lambapopulatsioonis.
Coxiella burnetii (CB) is a zoonotic, obligate intracellular bacterium that causes Q fever in humans and coxiellosis in domestic ruminants. CB is globally distributed and has reached endemic status in many countries. The primary reservoir for humans is domestic ruminants, including cattle, sheep, and goats. Infected animals are mostly asymptomatic, but the bacterium can cause abortions, and premature and stillbirths in pregnant animals. It is shed into the environment through feces, milk, vaginal secretions, or abortion material of animals. In Estonia, CB seroprevalence has previously been studied in cattle and sheep herds using milk and serum samples, but abortion residues have not yet been used as research material. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of CB DNA in sheep abortion material in Estonia using a qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The study included six herds from different regions of Estonia, from which a total of 17 placental samples were collected. DNA was extracted with the DNeasy® Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen™, Valencia, CA, USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions. In the PCR analysis, the CB-specific IS1111 gene fragment was used for amplification. None of the samples tested positive for CB DNA, although one sample gave a weak positive signal in the initial test. The results should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size and number of samples, which do not allow generalizations about the occurrence of infection in the Estonian sheep population.
Coxiella burnetii (CB) is a zoonotic, obligate intracellular bacterium that causes Q fever in humans and coxiellosis in domestic ruminants. CB is globally distributed and has reached endemic status in many countries. The primary reservoir for humans is domestic ruminants, including cattle, sheep, and goats. Infected animals are mostly asymptomatic, but the bacterium can cause abortions, and premature and stillbirths in pregnant animals. It is shed into the environment through feces, milk, vaginal secretions, or abortion material of animals. In Estonia, CB seroprevalence has previously been studied in cattle and sheep herds using milk and serum samples, but abortion residues have not yet been used as research material. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of CB DNA in sheep abortion material in Estonia using a qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The study included six herds from different regions of Estonia, from which a total of 17 placental samples were collected. DNA was extracted with the DNeasy® Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen™, Valencia, CA, USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions. In the PCR analysis, the CB-specific IS1111 gene fragment was used for amplification. None of the samples tested positive for CB DNA, although one sample gave a weak positive signal in the initial test. The results should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size and number of samples, which do not allow generalizations about the occurrence of infection in the Estonian sheep population.
Kirjeldus
Lõputöö
Veterinaarmeditsiini õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, Q palavik, väikemäletsejalised, platsenta, PCR, zoonoos