Karuputke liikide levik ja tõrje Eestis
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Kuupäev
2012
Kättesaadav alates
ainult raamatukogus, only in library
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Invasiivsete liikide levik on aktuaalne teema ning sosvnosvki-ja hiid-karuputke peatamiseks on koostatud ohjamiskava 2011-2015.aastaks. Bakalaureusetöö on valminud kirjandusallikate põhjal. Töö esimeses pooles käsitetakse sugukonda Apiaceae ja perekonda Heracleum. Kirjeldatakse Eestis levivaid agressiivseid liike ning nende tõrjet. Maa-ameti poolt koostatud kaardirakendusest on koostatud tabel tõrjutavatest kolooniatest 2011-2012.aastal, mille põhjal saab järeldada, et liigi levik on ulatuslik üle kogu Eesti. Pindalaliselt asuvad kõige suuremad kolooniad Harjumaal 171 ha, Viljandimaal 68 ha ja Ida-Virumaal 62 ha. Kokku on 551 ha mida tõrjutakse ning see läheb maksimaalselt maksma 166 320 eurot. Võrreldes antud andmeid 2003, 2007 ja 2009.aastaga on näha, et kolooniate pindalaline suurus kõigub aastati. Aastail 2003-2007 on toimunud levikuala vähenemine 292,8 ha, 2007-2009.aastal jällegi suurenemine 86,8 ha. Välja on töötatud erinevaid meetodeid liigi tõrjumiseks, kuid tuleb tõdeda, et taimed levivad jõudsalt edasi. Eestis kasutatakse käsitsi mürgitamist, käsitsi kaevamist ja õisikute lõikamist. Mujal maailmas on proovitud ka soola, kodumasinate ammoniaagi ja kütteõli kasutamist, kuid antud vahendid kahjustavad oluliselt pinnast ning nendest on loobutud. Senised tõrjeviisid ei suuda liike maa-aladelt ära hävitada. Raskemaks teeb olukorra taimede vähene nõudlikkus ja kiire kasv. Üks taim suudab toota, kuni 100 000 seemet, mis levivad tuule ja veega.
The spread of invasive species is an actual issue and a containment plan has been prepared for the years 2011-2015 to stop the spread of Sosnowsky᾿s- and Giant Hogweed. The Bachelor thesis is based on literary sources. In the first half of the thesis the family Apiaceae and genus Heracleum are treated. Described are aggressive species and their repelling in Estonia. A chart of colonies being repelled in the years 2011-2012 has been composed in a map application developed by the Land Board, on the basis of which it can be concluded, that the spread of the species is extensive all over Estonia. By area the largest colonies are located in Harju County with 171 ha, 68 ha in Viljandi County and in Ida-Viru County with 62 ha. In total there are 551 ha that are being repelled and the maximum costs of this will be 166,320 Euros. When comparing the given data with the years 2003, 2007 and 2009 it is visible, that the areal size of colonies varies from year to year. In the years 2003-2007 a reduction of the spread area by 292.8 ha occurred, in 2007-2009 again increase by 86.8 ha. There have been developed various methods for repelling the species, but it must be recognized, that the plants keep rapidly spreading. Manual poisoning, manual digging, and cutting of flower heads are used in Estonia. Using salt, ammonia from household appliances and fuel has been tried out in countries of the world, but these means are significantly damaging to the soil and they are given up. Repelling methods used so far are not capable of destroying species from land areas. The situation is made more complicated by low fastidiousness and rapid growth of the plants. One plant can produce up to 100,000 seeds which are spread by wind and water.
The spread of invasive species is an actual issue and a containment plan has been prepared for the years 2011-2015 to stop the spread of Sosnowsky᾿s- and Giant Hogweed. The Bachelor thesis is based on literary sources. In the first half of the thesis the family Apiaceae and genus Heracleum are treated. Described are aggressive species and their repelling in Estonia. A chart of colonies being repelled in the years 2011-2012 has been composed in a map application developed by the Land Board, on the basis of which it can be concluded, that the spread of the species is extensive all over Estonia. By area the largest colonies are located in Harju County with 171 ha, 68 ha in Viljandi County and in Ida-Viru County with 62 ha. In total there are 551 ha that are being repelled and the maximum costs of this will be 166,320 Euros. When comparing the given data with the years 2003, 2007 and 2009 it is visible, that the areal size of colonies varies from year to year. In the years 2003-2007 a reduction of the spread area by 292.8 ha occurred, in 2007-2009 again increase by 86.8 ha. There have been developed various methods for repelling the species, but it must be recognized, that the plants keep rapidly spreading. Manual poisoning, manual digging, and cutting of flower heads are used in Estonia. Using salt, ammonia from household appliances and fuel has been tried out in countries of the world, but these means are significantly damaging to the soil and they are given up. Repelling methods used so far are not capable of destroying species from land areas. The situation is made more complicated by low fastidiousness and rapid growth of the plants. One plant can produce up to 100,000 seeds which are spread by wind and water.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
sosnovski karuputk, hiid-karuputk, invasiivsed liigid, karuputke tõrje, bakalaureusetööd