Noore haaviku harvendamine ja kasvukäik
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Kuupäev
2015
Kättesaadavus
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
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Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Bakalaureusetöö jaoks tehti mõõtmisi ja teostati harvendusraie Järvselja Õppe- ja
Katsemetskonnas kvartal nr. 243 asuvas triploidse haaviku (Populus tremula f. gigas)
tarastatud katsealal. Mõõtmistulemuste alusel analüüsiti noore haaviku kasvukäiku ja
harvendamise mõju noore haaviku kasvule. Töös antakse kirjanduse põhjal ülevaade haava
bioloogilistest iseärasustest, majandamisest ning ka haavikute peamistest kahjustajatest.
Bakalaureusetöö peamisteks eesmärkideks oli uurida, kas hariliku haava triploidse vormi
kõrguse ja rinnasdiameetri kasv on kiirem kui diploidsel vormil, uurida harvendamise mõju
haavapuistu kasvule ja pärna-kuuse teise rinde kujunemisele. Lisaks oli eesmärgiks täiendada
pikaajalisi vaatlusandmeid „Haavametsa haaviku“ nime all tuntud triploidse haava puistu
kasvukäigu kohta ning võrrelda triploidse haaviku kasvukäiku teiste Eestis kasvavate
kiirekasvuliste lehtpuuliikidega.
Kirjanduse andmetel harvendusraie mõjub puude kõrgus- ja diameetrikasvule positiivselt –
juurdekasv suureneb. Alles soovitatakse jätta kõik kõvalehtpuud ning mõningal määral ka
teist rinnet, mis soodustab puistu paremat laasumist. Haaviku harvendamist on soovituslik
teha alameetodil, jättes puistu tihedamaks, kuna ulukikahjustuse oht on suur. Sel viisil on
võimalus säilitada ning tulevikus kasvatada terve haava enamusega puistu. Vältimaks ulukite
kahjustusi (peamiselt põdra), on soovitatav puistu tarastada vähemalt 2 m kõrguse aiaga.
Haavikuid kahjustab seenkahjuritest kõige rohkem haavataelik (Phellinus tremulae), mis
tekitab tüvemädanikku. Vanemates puistutes võib haavataeliku viljakehi leida suuremal osal
haabadest, mis tähendab, et haab on tüvemädaniku vastu väga tundlik ning õigeaegne
harvendamine võimaldab suuri kahjustusi vältida. Bakalaureusetöö raames raiutud puudest ei
tuvastatud puiduproovide DNA analüüsil haavataeliku olemasolu.
Töö käigus selgus, et erineva harvendusastmega noore haaviku proovitükkide keskmine
kõrgus erines ainult 0,3 m ja rinnasdiameeter 0,7 cm. Kui varasemalt on täheldatud uuritud
haaviku aeglasemat kõrguse ja rinnasdiameetri kasvu, siis 14. kasvuaasta järel näitas triplodne
haab sarnast kasvukiirust Ia boniteedi kasvukäigutabeliga.
For Bachelor’s thesis the measurements and thinning were made at the experimental area of triploid aspen (Populus tremula f. gigas) stand at Järvselja Õppe- ja Katsemetskond. On the basis of the measurments author made analysis of growth development and thinning effect on a young aspen stand growth. In this thesis the author gives a literature overview of aspen biological peculiarities, management and the main pests. The main objectives of Bachelor’s thesis were to investigate whether the aspen triploid form height and diameter at breast height (DBH) growth development is faster than the diploid form at the 14, and to investigate the thinning effects to the aspen growth and the formation of a second layer of spruce and lime. In addition, the aim was to complement the long-term observation data at Järvselja forest district 243, and to compare the growth rate of triploid aspen with other fast-growing deciduous tree species in Estonia. Thinnings effect in a young aspen stand is showing positive influence for the growth rate of the remaining trees. It is recommended not to harvest all the hardwoods and also to retain spruce-lime second layer that promotes better self-pruning of aspen. It is also recommended to harvest aspen reasonably, leaving the stand density higher than necessary, because there exists a high risk of a game damage (especially moose). To avoid game damage, it is recommended to protect the stand with a 2 meter high fence. The most dangerous fungal disease to aspen is Phellinus tremulae, which causes stem rot. In the older stands Phellinus tremuale is able to damage all-most every single tree, which means that aspen is very sensitive to stem rot causing pathogens and well-timed thinnings are recommended to avoid major damage. During the last thinning in Haavamets young aspen stand, Phellinus tremulae was not detected in the harvested trees wood samples according to DNA analyzes. The study revealed that average tree height of the thinning sample plots 1 and 4 varied only by 0.3 m and DBH varied only by 0.7 cm. In both thinning plots, growth was uniform and strong growth abnormalities were not observed. Previous studies in this stand have detected a slow growth rate of triploid aspen, but at the age of 14, the growth rate has been similar or faster compared to the best growth and yield tables for Estonian aspen stands
For Bachelor’s thesis the measurements and thinning were made at the experimental area of triploid aspen (Populus tremula f. gigas) stand at Järvselja Õppe- ja Katsemetskond. On the basis of the measurments author made analysis of growth development and thinning effect on a young aspen stand growth. In this thesis the author gives a literature overview of aspen biological peculiarities, management and the main pests. The main objectives of Bachelor’s thesis were to investigate whether the aspen triploid form height and diameter at breast height (DBH) growth development is faster than the diploid form at the 14, and to investigate the thinning effects to the aspen growth and the formation of a second layer of spruce and lime. In addition, the aim was to complement the long-term observation data at Järvselja forest district 243, and to compare the growth rate of triploid aspen with other fast-growing deciduous tree species in Estonia. Thinnings effect in a young aspen stand is showing positive influence for the growth rate of the remaining trees. It is recommended not to harvest all the hardwoods and also to retain spruce-lime second layer that promotes better self-pruning of aspen. It is also recommended to harvest aspen reasonably, leaving the stand density higher than necessary, because there exists a high risk of a game damage (especially moose). To avoid game damage, it is recommended to protect the stand with a 2 meter high fence. The most dangerous fungal disease to aspen is Phellinus tremulae, which causes stem rot. In the older stands Phellinus tremuale is able to damage all-most every single tree, which means that aspen is very sensitive to stem rot causing pathogens and well-timed thinnings are recommended to avoid major damage. During the last thinning in Haavamets young aspen stand, Phellinus tremulae was not detected in the harvested trees wood samples according to DNA analyzes. The study revealed that average tree height of the thinning sample plots 1 and 4 varied only by 0.3 m and DBH varied only by 0.7 cm. In both thinning plots, growth was uniform and strong growth abnormalities were not observed. Previous studies in this stand have detected a slow growth rate of triploid aspen, but at the age of 14, the growth rate has been similar or faster compared to the best growth and yield tables for Estonian aspen stands
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