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The sublethal effects of neurotoxic insecticides on the basic behaviours of agriculturally important carabid beetles

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Pisipilt

KuupƤev

2017

KƤttesaadav alates

Autorid

Tooming, Ene

Ajakirja pealkiri

Ajakirja ISSN

Kƶite pealkiri

Kirjastaja

Eesti MaaĆ¼likool

Abstrakt

Sublethal effects of pesticides on behavioural endpoints are poorly investigated in nontargeted beneficial arthropod predators important as nartural enemies of many agricultural pests. In this ecotoxicological study, deleterious short- long-term effects of neurotoxic pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides on various basic behaviours of the predatory carabid Platynus assimilis Paykull (Coleoptera, Carabidae) were quantified over a broad range of sublethal concentrations and doses in controlled laboratory conditions. It appeared that low doses of alpha-cypermethrin and thiamethoxam may cause a number of substantial short- and long-term abnormalities in many basic behaviours such as locomotor activity (LA), general motor activity (GMA), clean food consumption rate (CFCR) and behavioural thermoregulation of carabids. The observed sublethal behavioural biases may lead to deterioration of ecological fitness and population dynamics of the beetles in agricultural lands where these chemicals are applied. For the first time in predatory arthropods, it was was demonstrated that in addition to locomotion, other important behavioural endpoints such GMA, CFCR and behavioural thermoregulation may serve as sensitive, valuable and easily quantifiable ecotoxicological biomarkers mirroring different rates and aspects of toxic stress. The observed remarkable declines in CFCR and efficiency for behavioural thermoregulation of the beetles exposed to sublethal doses of alpha-cypermethrin and thiamethoxam may directly worsen performance of the carabids as natural enemies of pest insects in the insecticide treated fields. Thus, the results of this study may have importance in integrated pest management programs promoting reduced insecticide use and encouraging natural pest control mechanisms wherever possible. The results of this PhD thesis are published in three papers.
Ehkki rƶƶvtoidulistel lĆ¼lijalgsetel on pƵllumajandusmaastikel tƤhtis roll taimekahjurite arvukuse vƤhendamisel, on insektitsiidide madalate dooside kƵrvalmƵjusid nende kƤitumisele seni vƤhe uuritud. KƤesolevas doktoritƶƶs mƵƵdeti esmakordselt neurotoksilise pĆ¼retroidse ja neonikotinoidse insektitsiidi lĆ¼hi- ja pikaajalisi mƵjusid rƶƶvtoidulise sĆ¼si-ketasjooksiku (Platynus assimilis, Coleoptera: Carabidae) erinevatele pƵhikƤitumistele. Mardikaid tƶƶdeldi preparaatide Fastac 50ECĀ® (toimeaine alfa-tsĆ¼permetriin) ja Actara 25WGĀ® (toimeaine tiametoksaam) erinevate subletaalsete kontsentratsioonide ja doosidega kontrollitud laboritingimustes. Katsed nƤitasid, et jooksiklased on tƶƶs testitud insektitsiidide suhtes Ć¼limalt tundlikud. Isegi vƤga madalad doosid pƵhjustasid mitmeid olulisi lĆ¼hi- ja pikaajalisi negatiivseid kƵrvalekaldeid mardikate pƵhikƤitumistes. TƤheldati mƤrkimisvƤƤrset langust mardikate puhta toidu tarbimismƤƤras ning kƤitumusliku termoregulatsiooni vƵimes, mis pƵllumajandusmaastikel vƵivad otseselt halvendada nende kasulike putukate ƶkoloogilist kohasust, populatsiooni dĆ¼naamikat ja biotƵrje efektiivsust. Esmakordselt demonstreeriti, et putukate pƵhikƤitumised nagu Ć¼ldmotoorne aktiivsus, kƤitumuslik termoregulatsioon ja puhta toidu tarbimismƤƤr on tundlikud, vƤƤrtuslikud ja kergesti mƵƵdetavad ƶkotoksikoloogilised biomarkerid, mis lisaks lokomotsioonile aitavad hinnata rƶƶvtoiduliste jooksiklaste toksilise stressi erinevaid tasemeid ja aspekte. Saadud tulemusi tuleks kindlasti arvestada integreeritud taimekaitse programmide vƤljatƶƶtamisel, mis soodustavad kultuurtaimede tƶƶtlemist insektitsiidide vƤhendatud doosidega ja taimekahjurite looduslike vaenlaste maksimaalset Ƥrakasutamist, kus iganes vƵimalik. Antud doktoritƶƶ tulemused avaldati kolmes teadusartiklis.

Kirjeldus

A Thesis for applying for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agriculture

MƤrksƵnad

dissertatsioonid, dissertations, insektitsiidid, jooksiklased, taimekaitsevahendid, pƵllumajandus, Eesti, insecticides, ground beetles, pesticides, agriculture, Estonia

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