Eesti tomatisortide ´Malle´F1 ja ´Evelle´ kasvatamine kivivillasubstraadil
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Kuupäev
2017
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Käär, Anu
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Eesti on põhjapoolseim riik Euroopas, kus toimub sordiaretus. Eesti Taimekasvatuse Instituudis Jõgeval ( Jõgeva Sordiaretuse Instituut) on alates 1945. aastast tänaseni aretatud kokku 14 tomatisorti. Käesolevaks ajaks on kantud 11 sorti Euroopa köögiviljade sordilehele. Eesti sordid on aretatud kasvatamiseks kohalikes kliimatingimustes. Eesti suurimad tomatitootjad katmikalal, kasutavad eranditult välismaist päritolu sordivalikut. Hetkel puudub info Eesti tomatisortide kasvatamise võimalikkusest kivivillal. Kaasaegsetes tootmistes kasvatatakse kasvuhoonetomatit peamiselt inertsetel mullata substraatidel nagu kivivill või vesikultuurina. Kivivillasubstraat on tootjate poolt heaks kiidetud, kuna on steriilne, kergesti paigaldatav ja peale kasvatusperioodi lõppu hõlpsasti eemaldatav. Uurimistöö raames katsetati kahe, Eestis aretatud tomatisordi ´Evelle´ ja ´Malle´F1 kasvatamist kivivillal, aastaringi köetavas kasvuhoones. Antud katse tulemused võimaldavad luua pildi Eesti indeterminatsete sortide ´Evelle´ ja ´Malle´F1 sobivusest kasvatamiseks kivivilla substraadil, võrdluses tootmissordiga ´Makalu`F1. Katses selgitatakse välja sortide ´Evelle´ ja ´Malle´F1 saagikus ja keemiline koostis. Katse viidi läbi 2016 aastal Räpina Aianduskooli õppekasvuhoones. Uurimustulemustest selgus, et Eesti sortide kaubanduslik ja kogusaagikus ´Malle´F1-l ja ´Evelle´- l, jäid madalamaks kui tootmissordil ´Makalu´F1. Viljade keemilise koostise analüüsimisel selgus, et kuivaine sisalduse poolest olid ´Malle´F1 ja ´Evelle´ sarnased tootmissordiga ´Makalu´F1. Uurimustöö tulemusena võib kinnitada, et Eestis aretatud indeterminantsed sordid ´Malle´F1 ja ´Evelle´ on sobilikud kasvatamiseks kivivillasubstraadil, kuid vajavad täiendavalt kasvatustehnoloogia väljatöötamist saagikuse tõstmiseks.
Estonia is the northern most country in europe where breeding happens. Starting at 1945 the Estonian Crop Research Institute at Jõgeva have created a total of 14 varieties of tomatoes. By today 11 of these have been included in the european common catalogue of varieties of vegetable species. Estonian tomatoes are bred to grow in the local climate. The largest tomato producers in Estonia, who grow in greenhouses, almost exclusively use tomato varieties with foreign origins. Currently there is no information about growing Estonian tomato varieties on rockwool substrate. In modern production greenhouse tomatoes are primarily grown on inert soilless substrates like rockwool or as hydroponic culture. Rockwool substrate has been approved by producers because it is sterile, easily installed and after the growing period easily removable. In the scope of this paper we will look at the possibility of growing two varieties of tomato bred in Estonia ´Evelle´ ja ´Malle´F1 on rockwool substrate in a year-round heated greenhouse. The results of this experiment will help create a clear image on the feasibility of growing Estonian tomato varieties on rockwool substrate in comparision to the production varietie ´Makalu`F1. The experiment will find out the yield and chemical composition of ´Evelle´ ja ´Malle´F1. The experiment was carried out in 2016 at a Räpina School of Horticulture greenhouse. The results were that the estonian varieties Malle´F1 and ´Evelle´ had a smaller yield than the production varietie ´Makalu´F1. Analyzing the chemical composition of the fruit showed that the amount of dry matter was similar to ´Makalu´F1. As the final result of the research we can confirm that the tomato species ´Malle´F1 and ´Evelle´ are suitable for growing on rockwool substrate, but they need additional help in the form of new farming technology to increase the yield.
Estonia is the northern most country in europe where breeding happens. Starting at 1945 the Estonian Crop Research Institute at Jõgeva have created a total of 14 varieties of tomatoes. By today 11 of these have been included in the european common catalogue of varieties of vegetable species. Estonian tomatoes are bred to grow in the local climate. The largest tomato producers in Estonia, who grow in greenhouses, almost exclusively use tomato varieties with foreign origins. Currently there is no information about growing Estonian tomato varieties on rockwool substrate. In modern production greenhouse tomatoes are primarily grown on inert soilless substrates like rockwool or as hydroponic culture. Rockwool substrate has been approved by producers because it is sterile, easily installed and after the growing period easily removable. In the scope of this paper we will look at the possibility of growing two varieties of tomato bred in Estonia ´Evelle´ ja ´Malle´F1 on rockwool substrate in a year-round heated greenhouse. The results of this experiment will help create a clear image on the feasibility of growing Estonian tomato varieties on rockwool substrate in comparision to the production varietie ´Makalu`F1. The experiment will find out the yield and chemical composition of ´Evelle´ ja ´Malle´F1. The experiment was carried out in 2016 at a Räpina School of Horticulture greenhouse. The results were that the estonian varieties Malle´F1 and ´Evelle´ had a smaller yield than the production varietie ´Makalu´F1. Analyzing the chemical composition of the fruit showed that the amount of dry matter was similar to ´Makalu´F1. As the final result of the research we can confirm that the tomato species ´Malle´F1 and ´Evelle´ are suitable for growing on rockwool substrate, but they need additional help in the form of new farming technology to increase the yield.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Aianduse õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, kasvuhooned, kivivillasubstraadid, tomat, sordiaretus, saagikus