Study of the effectiveness of different methods of mulching potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) with cereal straw in eastern Ukraine
Laen...
Kuupäev
2023
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Melnyk, O.
Pastukhov, V.
Shcherbina, S.
Dukhina, N.
Vitanov, O.
Shabetya, О.
Semenchenko, О.
Rud, V.
Dukhin, E.
Bashtan, N.
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Estonian University of Life Sciences
Abstrakt
Under the conditions of global climate change, there has recently been a tendency to
worsen weather conditions during the growing season in the East of Ukraine. The significant increase
in average daily air temperatures and the uneven nature of rainfall do not meet the biological
requirements of potato plants, which leads to a decrease in their productivity. The purpose of the
research. Improve the microclimate on potato plantations by mulching them with different types
of materials. Results of research. Using wheat straw or basalt mineral wool as mulch reduces
overheating of the upper layers of the soil by 6.6–7.0° and contributes to moisture conservation.
At the same time, there is a significant decrease in temperature and relative humidity fluctuations
under the mulch layer compared to the soil surface. The use of spent mineral basalt wool for this
purpose, which was previously used as a substrate in greenhouses, solves the disposal problem.
Deterioration of soil chemical parameters and product quality was not noted. The use of nitrogen
fertilizers (urea) or microbial preparations Azotofit-r and Ecostern before mulching with wheat
straw has a positive effect on plant nutrition, which contributes to the improvement of biometric
indicators and increases the yield of potatoes by 4.2–4.7 t ha-1
. Potato mulching with zero tillage
involves planting tubers on its surface. At the same time, their contact with the soil is significantly
reduced, decreasing the supply of nutrients from it after the transition of potato plants to autotrophic
nutrition. Under these conditions, minimal tillage of the soil during its pre-planting preparation
improves the development of the root system and promotes the formation of stolons and tubers
at a certain depth. Depending on the number of technological operations, the degree of loosening of
the soil significantly affects the yield of potatoes. Its growth with minimal tillage is from 1.3 to
10.7 t ha-1 compared to zero tillage. This allows you to compensate for additional costs related to
mulching and collecting additional products. The improvement of the main economic indicators
confirms the high efficiency of mulching potatoes with wheat straw with minimal tillage. Results
were expressed as averages. Chemical composition was analyzed using analysis of variance with
P ≤ 0.05 for yield and plant height using the program of statistical analysis (SAS) v. 9.1.3.
Kirjeldus
Received: March 19th, 2023 ; Accepted: June 16th, 2023 ; Published: July 2nd, 2023 ; Correspondence: melnik.matilda@gmail.com
Märksõnad
potatoes, mulching, zero tillage, minimal tillage, mineral basalt wool, straw, microbial preparations, articles