Kasvatustehnoloogiate mõju aedmustika (Vaccinium) kasvule ja saagile
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Kuupäev
2022
Kättesaadavus
01.09.2022
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Antud uurimustöös püstitati hüpotees, mille kohaselt niisutusviis ja multšitüüp mõjutavad
aedmustikate (Vaccinium) vegetatiivset kasvu ja saaki. Uurimustöö eesmärk oli välja
selgitada avamaa tingimustes mineraalmullal imbkastmise ja mikrovihmutamise ning
erinevate multšide [polüetüleen peenravaip ja männi (Pinus sylvestris) kooremultš] mõju
mustikataimede vegetatiivsetele ja biokeemilistele parameetritele ning saagikusele.
Uurimustöö viidi läbi Tartumaal, EMÜ Rõhu katsejaamas avamaa istandikus 2020. aasta
suvel. Istandik rajati 2017. aasta juunis, 1-aastaste pistokstest paljundatud aedmustika
istikutega. Katse viidi läbi kahe sordiga: `Northblue` (Vaccinium corymbosum x Vaccinium
angustifolium- ahtalehise ja kännasmustika hübriidsort) ja `Draper` (kännasmustikas,
Vaccinium corymbosum). Niisutamiseks kasutati mikrovihmuteid ja imbkastmissüsteemi.
Väetamiseks kasutati Mustika kastmisväetise 8-7-21 0,2 %-list lahust. Kolmel korral (mai
lõpp ja juuni algus), anti mustikatele Ducaniti kastmisväetise 0,1%-list lahust. Antud
uurimustöös hüpotees leidis kinnitust. Multšitüüp ja niisutusviis mõjutasid taimede kasvu ja
saaki. Imbkastmine suurendas võrsete arvu. Mikrovihmutus suurendas orgaaniliste hapete
sisaldust marjas. Korrelatsioon analüüs näitas, et kõrgemate põõsaste marjades oli rohkem
happeid, antotsüaane ja fenoole oli rohkem väiksema saagiga põõsaste marjades. Kuna selget
ühesuunalist mõju niisutusviis ei andnud, siis võib tootjatele soovitada mikrovihmutust,
millega saab kaitsta taimede õisi kevadkülmade eest. Kuigi kooremultš mõjutas positiivselt
mitut mõõdetud parameetrit, tuleb selle multši puhul arvestada täiendavate kuludega
umbrohu tõrjumisele. Antud uurimustöö põhjal võib Eesti tingimustesse soovitada sorti
`Draper`, eelkõige vitaalse kasvu ja saagikuse tõttu.
This paper proposed a hypothesis that irrigation type and type of mulch have an effect on the growth and yield of highbush and half-highbush blueberries (Vaccinium). The goal was to find out if drip irrigation and microsprinkler irrigation and different mulch types [woven polyethylene groundcover (weed mat) and pine (Pinus sylvestris) bark mulch] had a significant effect on the vegetative and biochemical parameters and yields of blueberries cultivated on the open field on mineral soil. The work was carried out in Rõhu research station of the Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu county during the summer of 2020. The blueberries were planted in June of 2017 using 1-year old plants made from cuttings. The experiment was carried out using two blueberry varieties: “Northblue” (Vaccinium corymbosum x Vaccinium angustifolium hybrid) and “Draper” (Vaccinium corymbosum). Microsprinklers and drip irrigation were used. Fertilizer was a 0.2% solution of 8-7-21 Blueberry fertilizer. Three times (at the end of May and beginning of June) 0.1% Ducanit fertilizer was used. The hypothesis was supported: mulch type and type of irrigation did have an effect on the growth and yield of the plants. Drip irrigation increased the number of shoots. Microsprinkling increased the amount of organic acids in the berries. Correlation analysis revealed that berries from higher plants contained more acids, berries from plants with lower yields had more anthocyanins and phenols. Since no clear advantage was found between drip irrigation and microsprinkling, the latter can be recommended to blueberry growers, as this method has the additional benefit of protecting blooms during spring frosts. Although bark mulch had a positive effect on several of the measured parameters additional weed control costs must be taken into account. As a result of this paper the “Draper” variety is recommended for cultivating in Estonian conditions thanks to its vitality and high yields.
This paper proposed a hypothesis that irrigation type and type of mulch have an effect on the growth and yield of highbush and half-highbush blueberries (Vaccinium). The goal was to find out if drip irrigation and microsprinkler irrigation and different mulch types [woven polyethylene groundcover (weed mat) and pine (Pinus sylvestris) bark mulch] had a significant effect on the vegetative and biochemical parameters and yields of blueberries cultivated on the open field on mineral soil. The work was carried out in Rõhu research station of the Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu county during the summer of 2020. The blueberries were planted in June of 2017 using 1-year old plants made from cuttings. The experiment was carried out using two blueberry varieties: “Northblue” (Vaccinium corymbosum x Vaccinium angustifolium hybrid) and “Draper” (Vaccinium corymbosum). Microsprinklers and drip irrigation were used. Fertilizer was a 0.2% solution of 8-7-21 Blueberry fertilizer. Three times (at the end of May and beginning of June) 0.1% Ducanit fertilizer was used. The hypothesis was supported: mulch type and type of irrigation did have an effect on the growth and yield of the plants. Drip irrigation increased the number of shoots. Microsprinkling increased the amount of organic acids in the berries. Correlation analysis revealed that berries from higher plants contained more acids, berries from plants with lower yields had more anthocyanins and phenols. Since no clear advantage was found between drip irrigation and microsprinkling, the latter can be recommended to blueberry growers, as this method has the additional benefit of protecting blooms during spring frosts. Although bark mulch had a positive effect on several of the measured parameters additional weed control costs must be taken into account. As a result of this paper the “Draper” variety is recommended for cultivating in Estonian conditions thanks to its vitality and high yields.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Aianduse õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, aedmustikas, kooremultš, peenravaip, imbkastmine, mikrovihmutus