Toompihlaka (Amelanchier SP.) erinevate liikide võrdlev hindamine
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Kuupäev
2023
Kättesaadavus
06.09.2023
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Toompihlaka (Amelanchier Medik.) perekond on Eestis esindatud mitmete erinevate
looduslike liikidega. Ka haljastuslahendustes võib erinevaid toompihlaka liike kohata. Kuigi
meie puukoolide valikus leidub juba aastaid väärikaid ja mujal maailmas pikalt tuntud
toompihlaka sorte, ei ole see taim meie koduaedades eriti levinud. Tegemist on meie kliimas
täiesti külmakindla ning ka suhteliselt haiguskindla taimega, mida on lihtne kasvatada.
Toompihlaka viljad on antotsüaanide rikkad ning tuntud just oma tervist edendavate omaduste
poolest. Taim sobib ideaalselt kasvatamiseks ka maheviljelusse.
Uurimistöö viidi läbi Eesti Maaülikooli Polli aiandusuuringute keskuses aastatel 2018–2020.
Töö eesmärgiks oli selgitada välja toompihlaka viljade keemilise koostise ning vilja massi
erinevus lähtuvalt genotüübist. Töö hüpotees oli, et toompihlaka liigid ja üks lepalehise
toompihlaka sort erinevad üksteisest oluliselt vilja massi ja viljade biokeemiliste ühendite
sisalduse poolest. Käesolevas töös oli võrdluses kuus toompihlaka liiki ja üks sort, milleks
olid sile toompihlakas (A. laevis), Lamarcki toompihlakas (A. lamarckii), lepalehine
toompihlakas (A. alnifolia), väheseviljaline toompihlakas (A. bartramiana), rohkeõieline
toompihlakas (A. florida), tähk-toompihlaka (A. spicata) Saulkrasti vorm ning lepalehise
toompihlaka sort `Northline`. Töö käigus kaaluti viljade mass ning määrati rakumahla
kuivaine, tiitritavate hapete, askorbiinhappe sisaldus ja pH väärtus viljades.
Tulemustest selgus, et liigid ja sort erinesid üksteisest oluliselt vilja massi osas. Sealjuures
mõjutas vilja massi ka kasvuaasta ilmastik. Rakumahla kuivaine sisalduse osas sarnanesid
väheseviljaline toompihlakas ja rohkeõieline toompihlakas. Samaväärse rakumahla kuivaine
sisaldusega olid ka tähk-toompihlaka ning lepalehise toompihlaka viljad. Ülejäänud
genotüübid erinesid rakumahla kuivaine sisalduse poolest üksteisest oluliselt. Viljamahla pH
oli sarnane tähk-toompihlaka Saulkrasti vormi ja lepalehise toompihlaka sordi `Northline`
viljades. Ülejäänud genotüübid erinesid viljamahla pH poolest üksteisest oluliselt. Tiitritavate
hapete poolest olid sarnased sile toompihlakas ja rohkeõieline toompihlakas. Ülejäänud liigid
ja sort erinesid tiitritavate hapete poolest üksteisest oluliselt. Nii rakumahla kuivainet,
tiitritavate hapete sisaldust viljades kui ka viljamahla pH- d mõjutas kasvuaasta. Ainus
biokeemiline näitaja, mille poolest olid kõik genotüübid sarnased, oli askorbiinhape. Samas
ka askorbiinhappe sisaldust viljades mõjutas kasvuaasta.
Different Amelanchier species are represented in Estonian nature and some species have been used in landscaping. Although Estonian nurseries have a good selection of long-known and worthy saskatoon cultivars, this plant is yet not very common in our private gardens. Saskatoon berries are rich in anthocyanins and are well known for their health- promoting properties. Saskatoons are winter hardy and disease resistant. These plants are easy to grow and make an excellent selection for organic growers. The research was conducted at Polli Horticulture Research Center in 2018–2020. The aim of the study was to compare the fruit weight and content of some biochemical compounds of six mature Amelanchier species and one cultivar. The hypothesis was that Amelanchier species and one A. alnifolia cultivar differ from each other by fruit weight and content of biochemical compounds. Following saskatoon genotypes and a cultivar were used in this experiment: A. laevis, A. lamarckii, A. alnifolia, A. bartramiana, A. florida, A. spicata originating from Saulkrasti region (Latvia) and A. alnifolia cultivar `Northline`. Fruit weight and soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid of the fruit juice extracts were measured. The results of the experiment revealed that all genotypes differed by fruit weight. Also, the year of cultivation had an impact on fruit weight. Soluble solids, pH and titratable acid and ascorbic acid were affected by growth year. The fruits of A. bartramiana and A. florida showed similar content of soluble solids. Same content of soluble solids was determined also in the fruits of A. spicata originating from Saulkrasti region and A. alnifolia. Similar pH values were presented in the fruits of A. spicata originating from Saulkrasti region and A. alnifolia cultivar `Northline`. A. laevis and A. florida showed similar content of titratable acids. In all other cases, the rest of the species and a cultivar differed from each othersignificantly. No significant difference was found for ascorbic acid among tested genotypes, but the content was affected by growth year.
Different Amelanchier species are represented in Estonian nature and some species have been used in landscaping. Although Estonian nurseries have a good selection of long-known and worthy saskatoon cultivars, this plant is yet not very common in our private gardens. Saskatoon berries are rich in anthocyanins and are well known for their health- promoting properties. Saskatoons are winter hardy and disease resistant. These plants are easy to grow and make an excellent selection for organic growers. The research was conducted at Polli Horticulture Research Center in 2018–2020. The aim of the study was to compare the fruit weight and content of some biochemical compounds of six mature Amelanchier species and one cultivar. The hypothesis was that Amelanchier species and one A. alnifolia cultivar differ from each other by fruit weight and content of biochemical compounds. Following saskatoon genotypes and a cultivar were used in this experiment: A. laevis, A. lamarckii, A. alnifolia, A. bartramiana, A. florida, A. spicata originating from Saulkrasti region (Latvia) and A. alnifolia cultivar `Northline`. Fruit weight and soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid of the fruit juice extracts were measured. The results of the experiment revealed that all genotypes differed by fruit weight. Also, the year of cultivation had an impact on fruit weight. Soluble solids, pH and titratable acid and ascorbic acid were affected by growth year. The fruits of A. bartramiana and A. florida showed similar content of soluble solids. Same content of soluble solids was determined also in the fruits of A. spicata originating from Saulkrasti region and A. alnifolia. Similar pH values were presented in the fruits of A. spicata originating from Saulkrasti region and A. alnifolia cultivar `Northline`. A. laevis and A. florida showed similar content of titratable acids. In all other cases, the rest of the species and a cultivar differed from each othersignificantly. No significant difference was found for ascorbic acid among tested genotypes, but the content was affected by growth year.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Aianduse õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, Amelanchier, toompihlakas, rakumahla kuivaine, tiitritavad happed, pH, askorbiinhape, vilja mass