Väetamise ja viljelusviisi mõju fütaadi sisaldusele nisus ja odras
Laen...
Kuupäev
2023
Kättesaadavus
31.08.2023
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Eesti teraviljatootjatele on oluline suurendada teraviljade lisandväärtust. Üheks innovaatiliseks
lahenduseks võiks olla fütaadi ehk ühe teras sisalduva komponendi, parem väärindamine. Fütaati
on peetud antitoitaineks, kuid viimastel aastatel on sellel leitud ka tervist toetavat mõju. Fütaadi
sisaldust mõjutavad nii kasvatatav kultuur, väetamine kui ka aasta ilmastik. Käesoleva
bakalaureusetöö eesmärgiks oli uurida talinisu ja suviodra seemnete fütaadi sisaldust sõltuvalt
kasutatud lämmastiku normist ja viljelusviisist. Töö raames analüüsiti talinisu ja suviodra
terasid, mis olid koristatud 2022. aastal Tartumaalt Eerikalt seitsme väetusvariandiga
põldkatselt.
Töö käigus selgus, et nisus leiduva fütaadi kogus on suurem kui odras. Antud töö käigus saadud
fütiinhappe sisaldused jäid nisu terades 2,17-2,55 g/100g ja odra terades 0,9-1,4 g/100g vahele.
Nisu ja odra terades olevat fütaadi hulka mõjutavad viljelusviis ja kasutatud lämmastikväetise
kogus. Nisus olid kõrgemad fütaadi sisaldused maheviljeluse variantides. Mineraalväetise norm
fütaadi sisaldust ei mõjutanud. Odra puhul oli kõrgeim fütaadi sisaldus mineraalväetise variandis
N3, mida väetati normiga 120 kg/ha kohta. Antud töö tulemustele tuginedes on võimalik mõista,
kuidas terades oleva fütiinhappe sisaldust suurendada. Edaspidised uurimised näitavad, kas ja
kui suures koguses muutub terades asuva fütaadi hulk erinevate sortide ja kasvuaja tingimuste
osas, jättes väetisenormid samaks.
It is important for Estonian grain producers to increase the added value of grains. One innovative solution for achieving this goal could be valorization of one grain component called phytate. Phytate has been considered to be antinutrient, however, recent studies have shown its health promoting capabilities. Previous studies have shown that the phytate content is affected by the cultivated culture, variety, weather and fertilization. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the content of phytate in winter wheat and spring barley grains depending on the use of mineral nitrogen fertilization and cropping system. For this, winter wheat and spring barley grains were harvested in 2022 from a field trial with seven fertilization treatments in Tartu. The results of the experiment showed that the amount of phytate is higher in wheat compared to barley. The phytate content was 2,17 - 2,55 g/100g in wheat grains and 0,9 - 1,4 g/100g in barley grains. The amount of phytate in wheat and barley grains was affected by the cropping system and the nitrogen fertilizer rate in a different way. The highest phytate content in wheat was in organic treatmens. Mineral nitrogen rate had no effect on phytate. The highest phytate content in barley was in conventional treatment with the highest nitrogen rate (120 kg/ha). The results of this thesis help to understand, how fertilization and cropping systems impact the phytate, thus enabling farmers to achieve the outcome needed. Future investigations could show, whether and to what extent the amount of phytate in the grains is impacted by variety and the growing season.
It is important for Estonian grain producers to increase the added value of grains. One innovative solution for achieving this goal could be valorization of one grain component called phytate. Phytate has been considered to be antinutrient, however, recent studies have shown its health promoting capabilities. Previous studies have shown that the phytate content is affected by the cultivated culture, variety, weather and fertilization. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the content of phytate in winter wheat and spring barley grains depending on the use of mineral nitrogen fertilization and cropping system. For this, winter wheat and spring barley grains were harvested in 2022 from a field trial with seven fertilization treatments in Tartu. The results of the experiment showed that the amount of phytate is higher in wheat compared to barley. The phytate content was 2,17 - 2,55 g/100g in wheat grains and 0,9 - 1,4 g/100g in barley grains. The amount of phytate in wheat and barley grains was affected by the cropping system and the nitrogen fertilizer rate in a different way. The highest phytate content in wheat was in organic treatmens. Mineral nitrogen rate had no effect on phytate. The highest phytate content in barley was in conventional treatment with the highest nitrogen rate (120 kg/ha). The results of this thesis help to understand, how fertilization and cropping systems impact the phytate, thus enabling farmers to achieve the outcome needed. Future investigations could show, whether and to what extent the amount of phytate in the grains is impacted by variety and the growing season.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, fütaat, ilmastik, lämmastik, nisu, oder, Roheline Ülikool (töö toetab EMÜ Rohelise Ülikooli põhimõtteid), toiduohutus, mahetoit