Teravilja automatiseeritud pakendusliini projektlahendus
Laen...
Kuupäev
2025
Kättesaadav alates
12.09.2025
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Vilja pakendamise protsess väiksemates tootmisüksustes on sageli käsitsi teostatav,
tööjõumahukas ja eksimustele avatud. Sarnaseid süsteeme on varasemalt automatiseeritud
peamiselt suurettevõtetes, kus kasutatakse kalleid ja universaalseid lahendusi, kuid
väiksemahuliste vajaduste jaoks sobivad lahendused on seni jäänud harvaks.
Töö eesmärk oli projekteerida väikese tootmismahu jaoks sobiv automatiseeritud teravilja
pakendusliin, mis vähendab käsitöömahtu, suurendab protsessi korduvust ning võimaldab
süsteemi juhtimist ühe operaatoriga.
Töö koostamisel kasutati olemasoleva süsteemi tehnilist teavet, Siemens LOGO!
kontrolleri simulatsioonikeskkonda ning reaalseadmete spetsifikatsioone. Metoodika
hõlmas loogikapõhist juhtimisploki disaini, sisend-väljundskeemide koostamist ning
pneumaatiliste ja elektriliste süsteemide ühendamist ühtsesse toimivasse lahendusse.
Töö tulemusena valmis lahendus, mis võimaldab tühjade suurkottide automaatset
etteandmist, täitmist kaalu alusel ning edasitransporti. Süsteem hõlmab fotoandureid,
kaalumooduleid, elektromootoreid ning pneumaatilist kinnitust, mida juhitakse
programmeeritava loogikakontrolleri kaudu. Kavandatud süsteem vähendab vajadust
kahe operaatori järele ning sobib kasutamiseks reaalsetes tingimustes. Lahendus pakub
potentsiaali edasiseks täiustamiseks, näiteks kaugjuhtimise ja andmeloogika laiendamise
kaudu.
The grain packaging process in small-scale production units is often manual, laborintensive, and prone to errors. While similar systems have previously been automated in large enterprises using expensive and standardized solutions, suitable systems for smaller operations remain rare. The aim of this thesis was to design an automated grain packaging line suitable for lower production volumes, reducing manual labor, improving process consistency, and enabling operation by a single operator. The methodology involved using existing system documentation, the Siemens LOGO! simulation environment, and real device specifications. The control system was developed using logic-based control block design, input-output mapping, and integration of pneumatic and electrical components into a cohesive solution. As a result, a system was created that allows automatic feeding of empty big bags, weightbased filling, and onward transport of the filled bags. The system includes photoelectric sensors, weighing modules, electric motors, and pneumatic clamps — all managed through a programmable logic controller. The solution reduces the need for two operators and is ready for use in real conditions. It also offers future development potential, such as remote control and data-based enhancements.
The grain packaging process in small-scale production units is often manual, laborintensive, and prone to errors. While similar systems have previously been automated in large enterprises using expensive and standardized solutions, suitable systems for smaller operations remain rare. The aim of this thesis was to design an automated grain packaging line suitable for lower production volumes, reducing manual labor, improving process consistency, and enabling operation by a single operator. The methodology involved using existing system documentation, the Siemens LOGO! simulation environment, and real device specifications. The control system was developed using logic-based control block design, input-output mapping, and integration of pneumatic and electrical components into a cohesive solution. As a result, a system was created that allows automatic feeding of empty big bags, weightbased filling, and onward transport of the filled bags. The system includes photoelectric sensors, weighing modules, electric motors, and pneumatic clamps — all managed through a programmable logic controller. The solution reduces the need for two operators and is ready for use in real conditions. It also offers future development potential, such as remote control and data-based enhancements.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Tehnika ja tehnoloogia õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, automaatika, pakendusliin, Siemens LOGO! PLC, pneumaatika, viljatöötlus