Overlooked Diversity of Ultramicrobacterial Minorities at the Air-Sea Interface
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Kuupäev
2020
Kättesaadavus
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
MDPI
Abstrakt
Members of the Candidate phylum Patescibacteria, also called Candidate Phyla Radiation
(CPR), are described as ultramicrobacteria with limited metabolic capacities. Wide diversity
and relative abundances up to 80% in anaerobic habitats, e.g., in groundwater or sediments are
characteristic for Candidatus Patescibacteria. However, only few studies exist for marine surface
water. Here, we report the presence of 40 patescibacterial candidate clades at air-sea interfaces,
including the upper water layer, floating foams and the sea-surface microlayer (SML), a < 1 mm
layer at the boundary between ocean and atmosphere. Particle-associated (>3 μm) and free-living
(3–0.2 μm) samples were obtained from the Jade Bay, North Sea, and 16S rRNA (gene) amplicons
were analyzed. Although the abundance of Cand. Patescibacteria representatives were relatively
low (<1.3%), members of Cand. Kaiserbacteria and Cand. Gracilibacteria were found in all samples.
This suggests profound aerotolerant capacities of these phylogenetic lineages at the air-sea interface.
The presence of ultramicrobacteria in the >3 μm fraction implies adhesion to bigger aggregates,
potentially in anoxic niches, and a symbiotic lifestyle. Due to their small sizes, Cand. Patescibacteria
likely become aerosolized to the atmosphere and dispersed to land with possible implications for
affecting microbial communities and associated processes in these ecosystems.
J.R.: C.S., O.W. and this study were funded by the European Research Council project PASSME, grant number GA336408. The picture of seafoam was taken during a campaign funded by the Assemble Plus project MIDSEAS (European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, Grant Agreement No. 730984). D.P.R.H. was supported by the European Regional Development Fund/Estonian Research Council funded by “Mobilitas Plus Top Researcher grant MOBTT24”. A.J.P. received funding by the Ministerium für Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (“Nachwuchsgruppe Alexander Probst”). The APC was funded by the Open Access Publication Fund of the University of Duisburg-Essen.
J.R.: C.S., O.W. and this study were funded by the European Research Council project PASSME, grant number GA336408. The picture of seafoam was taken during a campaign funded by the Assemble Plus project MIDSEAS (European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, Grant Agreement No. 730984). D.P.R.H. was supported by the European Regional Development Fund/Estonian Research Council funded by “Mobilitas Plus Top Researcher grant MOBTT24”. A.J.P. received funding by the Ministerium für Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (“Nachwuchsgruppe Alexander Probst”). The APC was funded by the Open Access Publication Fund of the University of Duisburg-Essen.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
candidate phyla radiation, bacteria, sea-surface microlayer, neuston, foam, 16S rRNA sequencing, aerosols, air-sea interface, articles