Vahelmine nisuheina biomassi- ja terasaak
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Kuupäev
2025
Kättesaadavus
01.09.2025
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Tera- ja söödakultuuride tootmine üheaastaste kultuuridega on ressursimahukas ning seotud mitmete negatiivsete keskkonna mõjudega, lisaks sõltub üheaastaste kultuuride saagikus tugevalt kliimamuutustest. Vahelmine nisuhein (Thinopyrum intermedium) on mitmeaastane põuakindel kõrreline kultuur, mis võimaldab toota nii biomassi kui ka terasaaki, mis teeb temast atraktiivse kultuuri põllumehele. Antud töö eesmärk oli uurida nisuheina biomassi ja terasaagi potentsiaali Eesti tingimustes põldkatsel, mis rajati 2023. aastal Eesti Maaülikooli katsepõllule Eerikal ning millelt koguti esimese saagiaasta andmed 2024. aastal. Söödakatse eesmärgiga uurida esimese niite aja ja külviviisi mõju saagile viidi läbi sortidega `MN Clearwater` ja `Canada` puhaskülvis ning segukülvis lutserniga võrreldes nelja erinevat niite aega. Terakatses sordiga `MN Clearwater` puhaskülvis erinevatel lämmastiku väetusnormidel (N0, N70, N140) ja segukülvis punase ristikuga väetusnormidel N0, N70 uuriti külviviisi ja lämmastiku normi mõju terasaagile. Põldkatsest selgus, et esimesel saagiaastal avaldas saagikusele eeskätt mõju I niite aeg ning suurima nisuheina kogu biomassi saagi (6300 kg ha-1) saab toota, kui I niite aeg jääb juuli algusesse, mil taimede arengufaas on piimküpsuses. Esimesel saagiaastal segukülv lutserniga ei suurendanud biomassi saagikust, kuna kasvuaasta alguse tingimused olid taimiku kujunemiseks keerulised ning lutserni osakaal oli taimikus väga madal. Osaliselt leidis toetus hüpotees, et nisuheina tera saagikus suureneb segukülvil punase ristikuga. Kuigi nisuheina tera saagikus puhaskülvil oli suurem (keskmiselt 154 kg ha-1) kui segukülvil (keskmiselt 104 kg ha-1) tootis nisuhein segus ristikuga N normi 70 kg ha-1 juures sarnase biomassi saagikuse, kui puhaskülvis samal väetustasemel, vastavalt segukülvil 135 kg ha-1 ja puhaskülvil 139 kg ha-1. Järgmistel saagiaastatel, mil punase ristiku panus taimiku arengusse suureneb võib oodata ka nisuheina terasaagi suurenemist. Kuna tegemist on esimese aasta saagi tulemustega, mis näitavad, et nisuheina on võimalik biomassi ja terasaagi eesmärgil Eesti tingimustes kasvatada siis on oluline analüüsida ka järgmiste aastate tulemusi selgitamaks nisuheina saagikuse stabiilsust mis annaks selgema ülevaate uue kultuuri nisuheina kasutamisest põllukultuurina.
The production of grain and fodder crops with annual crops is resource-intensive and associated with several negative environmental impacts, in addition, the yield of annual crops is strongly dependent on climate change. Intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) is a perennial drought-resistant grass crop that allows the production of both biomass and grain, which makes it an attractive crop for farmers. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the biomass and grain yield potential of wheatgrass under Estonian conditions. Data from the first harvest year of the wheatgrass experiment, which was established in 2023 at the Estonian University of Life Sciences experimental field in Eerika, was collected in 2024. The forage experiment with the aim of studying the effect of the first cut time and cropping type on biomass yield was carried out with the varieties `MN Clearwater` and `Canada` in pure sowing and mixed sowing with alfalfa at four different first cut times. In a grain trial with the variety `MN Clearwater`, pure sowing at different nitrogen fertilization rates (N0, N70, N140) and mixed sowing with red clover at fertilization rates N0, N70, the effect of sowing method and nitrogen rate on grain yield was studied. The field trial revealed that in the first crop year, the time of the first cut primarily affected the biomass yield and the highest total biomass yield of wheatgrass (6300 kg ha-1) can be produced if the time of the first cut falls at the beginning of July, when the plants are in the fruit development phase. In the first crop year, mixed sowing with alfalfa did not increase the sward biomass yield, because the conditions at the beginning of the growing year were difficult for the formation of the plant and the proportion of alfalfa in the sward was very low. The hypothesis that the grain yield of wheatgrass increases in mixed sowing with red clover was partially supported. Although the grain yield of wheatgrass in pure sowing was higher (on average 154 kg ha-1) than in mixed sowing (on average 104 kg ha-1), wheatgrass in a mixture with clover produced similar biomass yields at an N rate of 70 kg ha-1 as in pure sowing at the same N rate, respectively 135 kg ha-1 in mixed sowing and 139 kg ha-1 in pure sowing. In the following harvest years, when the contribution of red clover to the development of the plant increases, an increase in the grain yield of wheatgrass can also be expected. Since these are the results of the first year's harvest, which show that wheatgrass can be grown for biomass and grain yield purposes in Estonian conditions, it is important to analyse the results of the following years to clarify the stability of wheatgrass yield, which would provide a clearer overview of the use of the new crop wheatgrass as a field crop.
The production of grain and fodder crops with annual crops is resource-intensive and associated with several negative environmental impacts, in addition, the yield of annual crops is strongly dependent on climate change. Intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) is a perennial drought-resistant grass crop that allows the production of both biomass and grain, which makes it an attractive crop for farmers. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the biomass and grain yield potential of wheatgrass under Estonian conditions. Data from the first harvest year of the wheatgrass experiment, which was established in 2023 at the Estonian University of Life Sciences experimental field in Eerika, was collected in 2024. The forage experiment with the aim of studying the effect of the first cut time and cropping type on biomass yield was carried out with the varieties `MN Clearwater` and `Canada` in pure sowing and mixed sowing with alfalfa at four different first cut times. In a grain trial with the variety `MN Clearwater`, pure sowing at different nitrogen fertilization rates (N0, N70, N140) and mixed sowing with red clover at fertilization rates N0, N70, the effect of sowing method and nitrogen rate on grain yield was studied. The field trial revealed that in the first crop year, the time of the first cut primarily affected the biomass yield and the highest total biomass yield of wheatgrass (6300 kg ha-1) can be produced if the time of the first cut falls at the beginning of July, when the plants are in the fruit development phase. In the first crop year, mixed sowing with alfalfa did not increase the sward biomass yield, because the conditions at the beginning of the growing year were difficult for the formation of the plant and the proportion of alfalfa in the sward was very low. The hypothesis that the grain yield of wheatgrass increases in mixed sowing with red clover was partially supported. Although the grain yield of wheatgrass in pure sowing was higher (on average 154 kg ha-1) than in mixed sowing (on average 104 kg ha-1), wheatgrass in a mixture with clover produced similar biomass yields at an N rate of 70 kg ha-1 as in pure sowing at the same N rate, respectively 135 kg ha-1 in mixed sowing and 139 kg ha-1 in pure sowing. In the following harvest years, when the contribution of red clover to the development of the plant increases, an increase in the grain yield of wheatgrass can also be expected. Since these are the results of the first year's harvest, which show that wheatgrass can be grown for biomass and grain yield purposes in Estonian conditions, it is important to analyse the results of the following years to clarify the stability of wheatgrass yield, which would provide a clearer overview of the use of the new crop wheatgrass as a field crop.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise – ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, nisuhein, segukülv, saagikoristus, lutsern, punane ristik