Põllumajandustehnika ja -seadmete kasutamisega seotud tööõnnetused
Laen...
Kuupäev
2022
Kättesaadav alates
10.09.2022
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Ligikaudu pool maailma tööjõust töötab või on seotud põllumajandussektoriga. Statistikaameti
andmetel oli Eestis perioodil 1991-2019. kõikides majandussektorites hõivatute arv oluliselt
kahanenud 806 600-lt kuni 579 300 inimeseni ja põllumajandussektoris 152 200-lt kuni 46 800
töötajani. Hoolimata hõivatute arvu langusele on tööõnnetuste esinemisasgedus jätkuvalt kõrge.
Vähe on tähelepanu pööratud PM seadmete ja tehnikaga toimunud tööõnnetustele taime- ja
loomakasvatuse, kalanduse- ja metsandussektoris.
Uuringu eesmärgiks on kirjeldada Eestis toimunud põllumajandustehnika ja -seadmete
kasutamisega seotud tööõnnetusi perioodil 2010-2019. Kasutatud andmed tööõnnetuste kohta
on registreeritud, fikseeritud Tööinspektsiooni poolt ning filtreeritud bakalaureusetöö autori
poolt vastavalt bakalaureusetöö teemale. Aastatel 2010-2019 registreeriti põllumajandussektoris
tööõnnetusi kokku 1750 juhtumit. Põllumajandustehnika ja -seadmetega seotud tööõnnetusi
registreeriti 455 juhtumit, nendest taime- ja loomakasvatuse alavaldkonnas 337, metsanduses
105 ning kalanduses 13 tööõnnetusjuhtumit. Sel perioodil registreeriti 285 kerget, 160 rasket
ning 10 surmaga lõppenud tööõnnetusjuhtumit. Põllumajandustehnikaga seotud tööõnnetuste
soo-vanuselisest jaotumisest aastatel 2010-2019 selgub, et 83,5% juhtudest on toimunud
meestega ja enim 138 (30,3%) tööõnnetusi leidis aset vanusegrupis 45-64 a. Põllumajandus tehnikaga seotud tööõnnetusi registreeriti enim Järva maakonnas (14,5%), seejärel Lääne-Viru
(13%), Tartu (11,2%) ja Viljandi maakonnas (10,8%). Tööohutuse nõuete rikkumine töötaja
poolt oli alla poolte tööõnnetuste (41%) põhjuseks. Põhjalikult koostatud töökeskkonna
riskianalüüs võimaldab ette näha ja arvestada riskidega, mis esmapilgul võivad jääda
märkamata. Põllumajandustehnikaga seotud tööõnnetused põhjustasid haiguspuudumisi kokku
18 487 päeva, mis tõi riigile minimaalselt ligi pool miljardit kulutusi. Toimunud tööõnnetuste
õigeaegne ja korrektne registreerimine võimaldab analüüsida õnnetuse põhjuseid, hoidmaks ära
tulevikus sarnaseid õnnetusi. Kasutatavas andmebaasis olevate tunnuste kodeeringud on kohati
liiga üldistavad ning see ei võimalda teostada täpsemat andmete analüüsi. Kergemate
tööõnnetusjuhtude korral alates 2017. aastast, kus töövõimetuspäevi ei registreeritud, enam
kõiki tunnuseid ka ei kodeerita, kahandab see veelgi tööõnnetuste andmete analüüsi ja vähendab
võimalusi tegeleda ennetustööga.
About half of the world's workforce is employed or involved in the agricultural sector. According to the Statistics Estonia, during the period 1991-2019 in Estonia the number of people employed in all the sectors of economy has fallen significantly from 806,600 to 579,300 and in the agricultural sector from 152,200 to 46,800. Despite the decline in the number of people employed, the incidence rate of accidents at work remains high. Little attention has been paid to the accidents at work with agricultural equipment and machinery in the crop and livestock production and forestry and fishing. The aim of the study is to describe the occupational accidents related to the use of agricultural machinery and equipment in Estonia in the period 2010-2019. The used data on accidents at work have been registered and fixed by the Labor Inspectorate and filtered by the author according to the topic of the bachelor's thesis. Between 2010 and 2019 a total of 1,750 accidents at work were registered in the agricultural sector. There were 455 occupational accidents related to agricultural machinery and equipment registered, of which 337 in the crop and livestock production, 105 in forestry and 13 in fishing. During the period there were recorded 285 mild, 160 serious and 10 fatal accidents at work. The gender distribution of occupational accidents related to agricultural machinery in 2010-2019 shows that 83.5% of cases have occurred with men and the largest number of occupational accidents (138.3%) occurred in the age group 45-64. The highest number of accidents related to agricultural machinery was registered in Järva County (14.5%), followed by Lääne-Viru (13%), Tartu (11.2%) and Viljandi County (10.8%). Violation of occupational safety requirements by an employee was the main cause of less than half of occupational accidents (41%). A thorough risk analysis of the work environment makes it possible to take into account risks that may go unnoticed at first glance. Workplace accidents involving agricultural machinery in Estonia in the period 2010-2019 caused a total of 18,487 days of sickness absence, which cost the state at least a half billion euros. Timely and correct registration of accidents at workplace makes it possible to analyze the causes of accidents in order to prevent similar cases in the future. The coding of the attributes in the database used is too general in some of the cases, which does not allow to carry out more detailed data analysis. From 2017, in the case of minor accidents at work for which no days of incapacity were registered, all characteristics of the accident will no longer to be coded in the database. This diminishes the chances of analyzing the accidents at work, which in turn reduces the ability to engage in effective prevention.
About half of the world's workforce is employed or involved in the agricultural sector. According to the Statistics Estonia, during the period 1991-2019 in Estonia the number of people employed in all the sectors of economy has fallen significantly from 806,600 to 579,300 and in the agricultural sector from 152,200 to 46,800. Despite the decline in the number of people employed, the incidence rate of accidents at work remains high. Little attention has been paid to the accidents at work with agricultural equipment and machinery in the crop and livestock production and forestry and fishing. The aim of the study is to describe the occupational accidents related to the use of agricultural machinery and equipment in Estonia in the period 2010-2019. The used data on accidents at work have been registered and fixed by the Labor Inspectorate and filtered by the author according to the topic of the bachelor's thesis. Between 2010 and 2019 a total of 1,750 accidents at work were registered in the agricultural sector. There were 455 occupational accidents related to agricultural machinery and equipment registered, of which 337 in the crop and livestock production, 105 in forestry and 13 in fishing. During the period there were recorded 285 mild, 160 serious and 10 fatal accidents at work. The gender distribution of occupational accidents related to agricultural machinery in 2010-2019 shows that 83.5% of cases have occurred with men and the largest number of occupational accidents (138.3%) occurred in the age group 45-64. The highest number of accidents related to agricultural machinery was registered in Järva County (14.5%), followed by Lääne-Viru (13%), Tartu (11.2%) and Viljandi County (10.8%). Violation of occupational safety requirements by an employee was the main cause of less than half of occupational accidents (41%). A thorough risk analysis of the work environment makes it possible to take into account risks that may go unnoticed at first glance. Workplace accidents involving agricultural machinery in Estonia in the period 2010-2019 caused a total of 18,487 days of sickness absence, which cost the state at least a half billion euros. Timely and correct registration of accidents at workplace makes it possible to analyze the causes of accidents in order to prevent similar cases in the future. The coding of the attributes in the database used is too general in some of the cases, which does not allow to carry out more detailed data analysis. From 2017, in the case of minor accidents at work for which no days of incapacity were registered, all characteristics of the accident will no longer to be coded in the database. This diminishes the chances of analyzing the accidents at work, which in turn reduces the ability to engage in effective prevention.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Tehnika ja tehnoloogia õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, põllutöömasinad, põllumajandussektor, töövahendid, töövigastused, raskusaste, haiguspäevad