Lihaveiste välimiku lineaarne hindamine
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Kuupäev
2015
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
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Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Lihaveisekasvatus on Eestis üha populaarsem ja loomade arvukus suureneb jätkuvalt. Eestis kasvatatakse 13 lihaveisetõu esindajaid, neist arvukamalt herefordi, abrediin-anguse, limusiini, simmentali, šarolee ja šoti mägiveise tõugu lihaveiseid. Neisse tõugudesse kuuluvate veiste osatähtsus oli PRIA andmetel 93,6% lihaveiste arvust Eestis 1.01.2015 seisuga.
Lihaveiste välimiku lineaarne hindamine on aktuaalne teema ülemaailmselt, ka Põhjamaades. Soovitakse täiustada lineaarse hindamise metoodikat ja viia läbi ühist hindamist, et võrrelda loomi erinevate maade lõikes. Huvi lihaveiste välimiku lineaarse hindamise vastu on olnud juba pikemat aega ka Eestis, aga senini veel ei ole seda tegevust õnnestunud käivitada.
Magistritöö eesmärgiks oli koondada lihaveiste välimiku lineaarse hindamise teavet teistest riikidest, anda ülevaade lihaveisekasvatuse olukorrast Eestis ja viia läbi välimiku lineaarne hindamine viiel Eestis enam kasvatataval tõul, et kaardistada praktilise hindamise käigus tekkinud kitsaskohad, selgitada tõugudevahelist erinevust ja välimikuhinnete omavahelisi seoseid ning võrrelda töös saadud välimikuhindeid Põhjamaade optimumidega.
Lineaarselt hinnati 485 lihaveise, neist 385 ammlehma ja 100 pulli välimikku. Hindamine viidi läbi 28-s ettevõttes üle Eestis.
Hindamistulemustest järeldub, et suuri erinevusi tõuti ei esine, v.a kõrguse ja reis külgvaates osas. Lihatõugu pullidel võib märgata tõuti erinevusi selja pikkuse ja tagajalad külgvaates ning lihatõugu lehmadel nisa pikkuse osas. Võrreldes välimikuhindeid Põhjamaade optimumidega, sarnanevad Eestis kasvatatavad töösse kaasatud lihaveisetõud Taani optimumidega keha ja jalgade tunnuste osas. Lihatõugu lehmade välimiku hindepunktid sarnanevad ka Rootsi optimumidega ning seda samuti keha ja jalgade tunnuste osas.
Praktilise töö käigus tuli välja rida probleeme. Nende edasiseks vältimiseks tehti vastavad ettepanekud.
Töö tulemusi saab kasutada lihaveiste välimiku lineaarse hindamise juurutamiseks ja lineaarse hindamise juhendi väljatöötamiseks Eestis.
The raising of beef cattle is becoming more popular in Estonia, and the number of beef cattle is increasing continuously. At present 13 beef cattle breeds are represented in Estonia, the most numerious are the Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus, Limousin, Simmental, Charolais and Highland cattle breeds. The percentage of Estonian beef cattle belonging to these breeds is 93.6 per cent, according to the data from ARIB (01.01.2015). The linear classification of beef cattle is current world-wide, including the Nordic countries. The aim is to develop linear classification methods and carry out joint evaluations to compare beef cattle quality in different countries. For some time there has been interest in beef linear classification in Estonia, however, so far practical actions have not begun. The aim of this master thesis was to collect information about linear classification from other countries, give an overview about the beef cattle sector in Estonia, carry out linear classification based on the five most numerous beef cattle breeds raised in Estonia, map the bottlenecks occurring during classification, explain the between-breeds differences and the associations between exterior scores, and to compare the results obtained with optimum scores in Nordic countries. The exteriors of 485 beef cattle were linearly classified, among of which there were 385 suckling cows and 100 bulls. The classification was carried out on 28 enterprises. There were no large differences between breeds, except for stature and thighs from the side. The beef bulls differed between breeds for length of back and hind leg side view and for beef cows for teat length. By comparing the classification scores for with optima used in Nordic countries, beef breeds raised in Estonia are similar to the optima used in Denmark (for body and legs traits). The scores for suckling cows were more similar to the optima used in Sweden, both for body and legs traits. By carrying out the linear classification several problems were found and suggestions were made to overcome those problems. The results of the study can be used to practically apply the linear classification of beef cattle in Estonia and to develop guidelines for linear classification.
The raising of beef cattle is becoming more popular in Estonia, and the number of beef cattle is increasing continuously. At present 13 beef cattle breeds are represented in Estonia, the most numerious are the Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus, Limousin, Simmental, Charolais and Highland cattle breeds. The percentage of Estonian beef cattle belonging to these breeds is 93.6 per cent, according to the data from ARIB (01.01.2015). The linear classification of beef cattle is current world-wide, including the Nordic countries. The aim is to develop linear classification methods and carry out joint evaluations to compare beef cattle quality in different countries. For some time there has been interest in beef linear classification in Estonia, however, so far practical actions have not begun. The aim of this master thesis was to collect information about linear classification from other countries, give an overview about the beef cattle sector in Estonia, carry out linear classification based on the five most numerous beef cattle breeds raised in Estonia, map the bottlenecks occurring during classification, explain the between-breeds differences and the associations between exterior scores, and to compare the results obtained with optimum scores in Nordic countries. The exteriors of 485 beef cattle were linearly classified, among of which there were 385 suckling cows and 100 bulls. The classification was carried out on 28 enterprises. There were no large differences between breeds, except for stature and thighs from the side. The beef bulls differed between breeds for length of back and hind leg side view and for beef cows for teat length. By comparing the classification scores for with optima used in Nordic countries, beef breeds raised in Estonia are similar to the optima used in Denmark (for body and legs traits). The scores for suckling cows were more similar to the optima used in Sweden, both for body and legs traits. By carrying out the linear classification several problems were found and suggestions were made to overcome those problems. The results of the study can be used to practically apply the linear classification of beef cattle in Estonia and to develop guidelines for linear classification.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
lihaveised, välimik, tõuloomade hindamine, tõuaretus, magistritööd