Laevavrakid ja nende mõju maailmamerele
Laen...
Kuupäev
2018
Kättesaadavus
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Laevavrakke on uuritud, aga puudub üldine kajastatus temaatikast tervikuna. Vrakkidega
seotud probleem on aina süvenemas, kuna sõjajärgsed vrakid on lagunemise piiril,
paljastades ohtlikke kemikaale ümbritsevale keskkonnale. Vrakkide eemaldamisega küll
tegeletakse, ent see on väga suur ja kulukas töö, mis sõltub arvukatest faktoritest:
ilmastikuolud, distants, varustus jne.
Töö eesmärk on luua laialdasem pilt vrakkide mõjust merekeskkonnale ja selle kaudu ka
inimestele. Andmed pärinevad teadusartiklitest, vähesel määral on kasutatud ka
populaarteaduslikke artikleid ning suusõnali teadmisi.
Vrakkide mõju on kõige rohkem märgatav liivastel pindadel, kus vrakk loob uue
keskkonna uutele liikidele. Tehisriffide loomisel on püütud jäljendada vrakkide keerukat
ehitust, pakkumaks mitmekesist elukeskkonda. Enam poleemikat on tekitanud 20ndast
sajandist pärit vrakid, kuna need on varustatud lahingumoonaga või naftaga, mida
varasematel aegadel pole transporditud. Õlireostust tekitavad vrakid on väga suur risk
eluskeskkonnale, tekitades märkimisväärset hävitustööd. Samas tõrv, mis on ka väga
toksiline, on näiteks meritähele sobiv toit. Siiamaani ei ole leitud laeva pealiskasvu
vältivateks kateteks piisavalt tõhusat, samas ümbritsevale keskkonnale soodsat lahendust,
mis ei tekitaks tulevikus edasisi probleeme.
Edasistes uurimustes võiks keskenduda eelkõige Läänemerele, sest see erineb teistest
merekeskkondadest märkimisväärselt igal tasandil.
Töö annab komplekkse ülevaate sellest, kuidas vrakid mõjutavad keskkonda ning millest
need mõjud tulevad.
Shipwrecks have been an interest of research for the last half century; however, there is no thorough investigation on this discipline. The wreckage problem is getting worse, since post-war wrecks are at the edge of degradation, they continue to expose dangerous chemicals to the immediate, surrounding environment. While wrecks are being further controlled and managed, it is a consequently large and costly task, which depends on numerous factors, like: weather conditions, distance, equipment, et cetera. The aim of this research is to create a wider understanding of the impact of wrecks on the marine environment and, ultimately, on the human well-being and the greater society. Research articles, popular science articles, also verbal wisdom have been used to a certain extent. The effects of wrecks are immensely noticeable on environments which exhibit sandy substrates; thus, the wrecks often create a new environment for new species. Artificial reef creation has been attempted to emulate the complex construction of wrecks, providing a diverse environment. Much of the controversy has primarily surrounded wrecks from the 20th century, due to their assemblages of munitions and/or oil. The oil spill-causing wrecks have facilitated a very high risk for the biotic environment. These wrecks create invaluable acts of terror, by altering their surrounding environments and substituting its byproducts (like tar) for various organisms, like: starfish, which ingest the tar as part of its diet. In the contemporary maritime industry, there is no sustainable alternative (to the current antifouling paints) which can negate or avoid the plethora of risks which are presently manifested. Future studies should emphasize the Baltic Sea environment, in particular, as it differs significantly from other marine environments in many, various dimensions. This work can be capitalized upon to enhance people's awareness of the greater impact of shipwrecks and its threat to the living environment.
Shipwrecks have been an interest of research for the last half century; however, there is no thorough investigation on this discipline. The wreckage problem is getting worse, since post-war wrecks are at the edge of degradation, they continue to expose dangerous chemicals to the immediate, surrounding environment. While wrecks are being further controlled and managed, it is a consequently large and costly task, which depends on numerous factors, like: weather conditions, distance, equipment, et cetera. The aim of this research is to create a wider understanding of the impact of wrecks on the marine environment and, ultimately, on the human well-being and the greater society. Research articles, popular science articles, also verbal wisdom have been used to a certain extent. The effects of wrecks are immensely noticeable on environments which exhibit sandy substrates; thus, the wrecks often create a new environment for new species. Artificial reef creation has been attempted to emulate the complex construction of wrecks, providing a diverse environment. Much of the controversy has primarily surrounded wrecks from the 20th century, due to their assemblages of munitions and/or oil. The oil spill-causing wrecks have facilitated a very high risk for the biotic environment. These wrecks create invaluable acts of terror, by altering their surrounding environments and substituting its byproducts (like tar) for various organisms, like: starfish, which ingest the tar as part of its diet. In the contemporary maritime industry, there is no sustainable alternative (to the current antifouling paints) which can negate or avoid the plethora of risks which are presently manifested. Future studies should emphasize the Baltic Sea environment, in particular, as it differs significantly from other marine environments in many, various dimensions. This work can be capitalized upon to enhance people's awareness of the greater impact of shipwrecks and its threat to the living environment.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Vee ja maismaa ökosüsteemide rakendusbioloogia õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, elupaigad, keemiarelvad, toksilised ained, tehisrifid, pommid