Kasvatustehnoloogiliste võtete mõju viinapuude saagi kvaliteedile
Laen...
Kuupäev
2012
Kättesaadavus
ainult raamatukogus, only in library
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Eesti on kõige põhjapoolsem riik, kus on võimalik viinapuid avamaal kasvatada.
Kasvatustehnoloogilised võtted mõjutavad viinapuude saagi kvaliteeti, kuid ei ole selge
missugused nendest sobivad Eestisse. Töö eesmärgiks oli selgitada välja võtted, mis
mõjutavad lauaviinamarjade küpsuse parameetreid ja veiniviinamarjades suhkrute, hapete,
mahla pH ning tumedatel viinamarjadel antotsüaanide sisaldust. Töös kasutatud andmed
pärinevad teadusartiklitest ja erialasest kirjandusest. Kirjandusallikate põhjal analüüsiti
erinevate kasvatustehnoloogiliste võtete sobivust Eestisse ja nende mõju saagile. Töö
tulemusel selgus, et suhkrute sisaldust marjades suurendavad multšimine, kevadine pikk
lõikus, lehtede eemaldamine ning saagi vähendamine viljavõrsetelt. Antotsüaanide sisaldust
suurendavad Guyot võrakujundus, multšimine ja lehtede eemaldamine. Saagi küpsemisaega
on võimalik pikendada sügisese vihmutamisega. Viinamarjade optimaalse küpsuse
määramiseks kasutatakse suhkrute ja hapete sisalduse ning mahla pH mõõtmist. Marjade
fenoolset küpsust hinnatakse antotsüaanide sisalduse järgi. Viinamarja maitset mõjutab
eelkõige suhkrute ja hapete suhe. Jaheda kliimaga piirkondades on viljade areng mõjutatud
ööpäevastest temperatuuri kõikumistest ning need mõjutavad ühtlasi ka hapete ja suhkrute
kogunemist viinamarjas. Pikk viinamarjade valmimisperiood jaheda kliima tingimustes annab
tulemuseks kõrge mahla pH ja orgaaniliste hapete sisalduse, kuid enamasti madala
suhkrusisalduse. Seega on jaheda kliima tingimustes viinapuude avamaal kasvatamisel tähtis
osa õigel sordivalikul. Eestis läbiviidud katsete ja viinapuukasvatajate kogemuste põhjal on
leitud, et sobivamateks avamaa sortideks on ’Hasanski Sladki’ ja ’Rondo’. Mõlemad sordid
on sobilikud veinivalmistamiseks. Tööd on võimalik edasi arendada tehes täiendavaid katseid
erinevate kasvatustehnoloogiliste võtetega ning uurides nende mõju saagi kvaliteedile Eesti
tingimustes.
Estonia is the most northern country for growing grapevines outdoors. Growing technological measures have influence on the quality of grapevines but it isn’t certain which ones of these are suitable for using in Estonia. Purpose of the bachelor’s thesis was to find out growing technological measures that have influence on the ripeness parameters of table grapes and in wine grapes on sugars, acids, juice pH and in dark coloured grapes on the content of antocyanins. The data used in this thesis comes from scientific articles and special literature. On the basis of literature different growing technological measures possibly suitable to Estonia and their effect on grapevine yield was analyzed. It can be said that soluble solids content in grapes can be increased with using mulches, long pruning technique in spring, removal of yield shading leaves and reducing clusters from grapevines. Content of antocyanins can be increased with Guyot canopy management, using mulches and removing yield shading leaves. Ripening time of grapevine yield can be extended by using sprinkler irrigation in autumn. Measurement of sugar and acid concentrations and pH of grape juice is used to determine whether the grapes have reached optimum ripeness. Phenolic ripeness of grapes is being assessed by the content of anthocyanins. The taste of grapes is mostly being affected by the ration of sugars and acids. The development of grapes in cool climate regions is being affected by the fluctuating temperatures of overnight that also affect the accumulation of organic acids and soluble solids in the grape. Long ripening period in cool climate conditions results in high juice pH and organic acids content but mostly in low sugar content of grapes. Therefore choosing right grapevine cultivars for cool climate conditions is very important. According to various experiments and grapevine growers in Estonia, it is found that the most suitable cultivars for growing in Estonia are ’Hasanski Sladki’ and ’Rondo’. Both of these cultivars are also suitable for winemaking. This research can be improved by making field experiments with different growing technological measures and by investigating their suitability to Estonia.
Estonia is the most northern country for growing grapevines outdoors. Growing technological measures have influence on the quality of grapevines but it isn’t certain which ones of these are suitable for using in Estonia. Purpose of the bachelor’s thesis was to find out growing technological measures that have influence on the ripeness parameters of table grapes and in wine grapes on sugars, acids, juice pH and in dark coloured grapes on the content of antocyanins. The data used in this thesis comes from scientific articles and special literature. On the basis of literature different growing technological measures possibly suitable to Estonia and their effect on grapevine yield was analyzed. It can be said that soluble solids content in grapes can be increased with using mulches, long pruning technique in spring, removal of yield shading leaves and reducing clusters from grapevines. Content of antocyanins can be increased with Guyot canopy management, using mulches and removing yield shading leaves. Ripening time of grapevine yield can be extended by using sprinkler irrigation in autumn. Measurement of sugar and acid concentrations and pH of grape juice is used to determine whether the grapes have reached optimum ripeness. Phenolic ripeness of grapes is being assessed by the content of anthocyanins. The taste of grapes is mostly being affected by the ration of sugars and acids. The development of grapes in cool climate regions is being affected by the fluctuating temperatures of overnight that also affect the accumulation of organic acids and soluble solids in the grape. Long ripening period in cool climate conditions results in high juice pH and organic acids content but mostly in low sugar content of grapes. Therefore choosing right grapevine cultivars for cool climate conditions is very important. According to various experiments and grapevine growers in Estonia, it is found that the most suitable cultivars for growing in Estonia are ’Hasanski Sladki’ and ’Rondo’. Both of these cultivars are also suitable for winemaking. This research can be improved by making field experiments with different growing technological measures and by investigating their suitability to Estonia.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
kasvatustehnoloogilised võtted, viinapuu, viinamarja kvaliteet, bakalaureusetööd