Veealuste kaablite mõju kaladele
Laen...
Kuupäev
2026
Kättesaadavus
08.09.2026
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärk oli hinnata veealuste elektrikaablite võimalikku mõju kalade käitumisele ja kalastiku näitajatele Väikses väinas. Viimastel aastatel on seoses taastuvenergia arendamise ja merekaablite arvu kasvuga suurenenud huvi elektromagnetväljade mõju vastu mereorganismidele, eriti liikidele, kes kasutavad navigeerimiseks Maa magnetvälja.
Kirjanduse ülevaates käsitleti veealuste kaablite tüüpe, nende tehnilisi omadusi ning elektromagnetväljade mõju veeorganismidele ja kaladele. Varasemad uuringud viitavad sellele, et elektromagnetväljad võivad mõjutada kalade orientatsiooni, liikumist ja füsioloogilisi protsesse, kuid mõju ulatus sõltub liigist ning uuringute tulemused on olnud vastuolulised.
Praktilises osas viidi 2025. aasta kevadel ja sügisel Väikses väinas läbi kalastiku seire. Katsepüükidel hinnati kalade liigikoosseisu, arvukust ja biomassi merekaablite piirkonnas ning tulemusi võrreldi varasemate seireandmetega. Kokku registreeriti 17 kalaliiki, kellest arvukamalt esinesid säinas, ahven ja ogalik. Sügisperioodil tabati ka merisiiga. Tulemused näitasid, et merekaablite piirkonnas ei esinenud olulisi muutusi kalade arvukuses ega biomassis võrreldes varasemate uuringutega. Samuti ei ilmnenud selgeid viiteid sellele, et kalad väldiksid merekaablite piirkonda või et elektromagnetväljad mõjutaksid uuritud liikide rännet negatiivselt. Seetõttu ei leidnud töö hüpoteesid kinnitust.
Uurimistöö tulemused viitavad sellele, et Väikese väina merekaablite mõju uuritud kalaliikidele on väike või puudub, kuid elektromagnetväljade mõju paremaks mõistmiseks on vajalikud täiendavad pikaajalised uuringud.
The aim of this bachelor’s thesis was to assess the possible impact of underwater power cables on fish behaviour and fish community characteristics in the Väike Strait. Due to the rapid development of renewable energy and the increasing number of submarine cables, interest in the effects of electromagnetic fields on marine organisms has significantly increased, especially regarding species that use the Earth’s magnetic field for navigation. The literature review focused on the types and technical characteristics of submarine cables and the effects of electromagnetic fields on aquatic organisms and fish. Previous studies suggest that electromagnetic fields may influence fish orientation, movement, and physiological processes, although the extent of these effects varies between species and the results remain inconsistent. In the practical part of the study, fish monitoring was carried out in the Väike Strait during the spring and autumn of 2025. Experimental fishing was conducted to evaluate fish species composition, abundance, and biomass in the vicinity of submarine cables, and the results were compared with earlier monitoring data. A total of 17 fish species were recorded, with ide, perch, and three-spined stickleback being the most abundant species. During autumn sampling, several European whitefish were also caught. The results indicated no significant differences in fish abundance or biomass in the cable area compared to previous studies. Furthermore, no clear evidence was found that fish avoided the cable area or that electromagnetic fields negatively affected the migration of the studied species. Therefore, the hypotheses of this study were not confirmed. The results suggest that the impact of submarine cables on the studied fish species in the Väike Strait is minor or absent. However, further long-term studies are necessary to better understand the effects of electromagnetic fields on marine organisms.
The aim of this bachelor’s thesis was to assess the possible impact of underwater power cables on fish behaviour and fish community characteristics in the Väike Strait. Due to the rapid development of renewable energy and the increasing number of submarine cables, interest in the effects of electromagnetic fields on marine organisms has significantly increased, especially regarding species that use the Earth’s magnetic field for navigation. The literature review focused on the types and technical characteristics of submarine cables and the effects of electromagnetic fields on aquatic organisms and fish. Previous studies suggest that electromagnetic fields may influence fish orientation, movement, and physiological processes, although the extent of these effects varies between species and the results remain inconsistent. In the practical part of the study, fish monitoring was carried out in the Väike Strait during the spring and autumn of 2025. Experimental fishing was conducted to evaluate fish species composition, abundance, and biomass in the vicinity of submarine cables, and the results were compared with earlier monitoring data. A total of 17 fish species were recorded, with ide, perch, and three-spined stickleback being the most abundant species. During autumn sampling, several European whitefish were also caught. The results indicated no significant differences in fish abundance or biomass in the cable area compared to previous studies. Furthermore, no clear evidence was found that fish avoided the cable area or that electromagnetic fields negatively affected the migration of the studied species. Therefore, the hypotheses of this study were not confirmed. The results suggest that the impact of submarine cables on the studied fish species in the Väike Strait is minor or absent. However, further long-term studies are necessary to better understand the effects of electromagnetic fields on marine organisms.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Kalanduse ja rakendusökoloogia õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, veealused kaablid, elektromagnetväli, kalastik, ränne, Väike väin