Metsaraiete ruumilise planeerimise võimalused
Laen...
Kuupäev
2015
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Levinum metsamajandamise viis maailmas on lageraie, mille eesmärgiks on saada
majanduslikku tulu ja mille teostamisel ei peeta kuigi oluliseks metsa ökoloogiliste
väärtuste säilimist. Lisaks on kõikjal maailmas kaitselasid, mille eesmärgiks on erinevate
liikide kaitse. Sageli saaks siiski metsi majandada nii, et säiliks metsade elurikkus kui ka
majandamise tulukus, samuti muud metsade eesmärgid. Üheks võimalikuks tööriistaks
selle juures on metsaraiete ruumiline planeerimine ehk metsade majandamine maastiku
mastaabis. Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärgiks on analüüsida teaduskirjanduses
avaldatud uuringuid metsaraiete ruumilise planeerimise kohta ning tuua välja põhilised
kasutatud meetodid ja võimalused nende rakendamiseks Eesti metsamaastikus.
Teostatud analüüsist selgus, et selle-teemalisi analüüse on läbi viidud valdavalt kas
majanduslikust või ökoloogilisest aspektist vaadeldes, kuid vähe on selliseid uurimusi, kus
oleksid kaasatud mõlemad. Sellistes uurimustes on analüüsitud pigem ühte liiki või
liigirühma ning metsa kogu elustikku arvesse võetud ei ole. Nendeks liikideks on enamasti
kaitse all olevad või inimestele majandusliku kahju põhjustavad liigid.
Metsamaastiku ruumilisel planeerimisel lasub põhirõhk erinevat tüüpi (majandus-; kaitse-;
puhke-) metsade ruumilisel paiknemisel ning samuti metsaraiete ruumilise planeerimisel
viisil, mis tagaks erinevat tüüpi elustiku liikumis-, toitumis- ja elupaigatingimused.
Eesti kontekstis on ruumiline planeerimine võimalik eeskätt riigimetsas või suuremate
eraomanike aladel või siis eraomanike ja RMK koostöös. Metsamaastiku ruumilise
planeerimise reaalseks teostuseks on vaja viia läbi veel mitmeid uuringuid ning koostada
analüüs, mis kaasaks endas olulisemaid metsa funktsioone maastiku mastaabis, kuid
lõpuks aitaks teha otsuseid iga planeeritava metsaeraldise kohta eraldi.
Clear cutting is the most common used methods in world forest management, which most important goal is economic income. But which doesn’t involve forests ecological value. Plus there were protected areas around the world with the aim of different types of protection. However, forest could be managed to preserve forest biodiversity and economic returns and also other forest values. Spatial forest management involve all tree of this criterions. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to analyse the scientific studies about spatial forest logging opportunities and bring out basic methods how to apply them in Estonian forest management. The study showed that there were many studies about spatial forest management what deal only economic or ecological perspective but very few which would involve both. Such kind of studies was analysed only one species or group of species and doesn’t involve all forest ecosystem parts. Usually these analysed species were predicted or caused economic damage for people. The main focus on spatial forest management is to maintain different types of forest (economic, conservation, recreation) on landscape spatial planning and also involves various types of feeding, movement and habitat conditions for biota. In Estonian the best way to use spatial forest management is privet owners, businessman and State Forest Management Centre co-operation because this management way is productive only in the long-term. But for realization there must be carrying out a number of studies and prepare an analysis, which would involve total forest ecosystem components and would be able to use on every logging plot separately.
Clear cutting is the most common used methods in world forest management, which most important goal is economic income. But which doesn’t involve forests ecological value. Plus there were protected areas around the world with the aim of different types of protection. However, forest could be managed to preserve forest biodiversity and economic returns and also other forest values. Spatial forest management involve all tree of this criterions. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to analyse the scientific studies about spatial forest logging opportunities and bring out basic methods how to apply them in Estonian forest management. The study showed that there were many studies about spatial forest management what deal only economic or ecological perspective but very few which would involve both. Such kind of studies was analysed only one species or group of species and doesn’t involve all forest ecosystem parts. Usually these analysed species were predicted or caused economic damage for people. The main focus on spatial forest management is to maintain different types of forest (economic, conservation, recreation) on landscape spatial planning and also involves various types of feeding, movement and habitat conditions for biota. In Estonian the best way to use spatial forest management is privet owners, businessman and State Forest Management Centre co-operation because this management way is productive only in the long-term. But for realization there must be carrying out a number of studies and prepare an analysis, which would involve total forest ecosystem components and would be able to use on every logging plot separately.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd