Karjatervise- ja toodangunäitajad suurtes Eesti piimaveisekarjades
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Kuupäev
2024
Kättesaadavus
12.09.2024
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Efektiivseim viis karja jõudluse, tervise ja heaolu parandamiseks on karjaterviseprogrammide rakendamine. See hõlmab endas peamiste karja tervise- ja toodanguandmete monitoorimist ning ennetavate tegevuste rakendamist. Käesoleva lõputöö eesmärgiks oli anda ülevaade Eesti suurte piimaveisekarjade tervise- ja toodangunäitajatest ning analüüsida nende seost toodangutaseme ja karja suurusega. Lisaks kirjeldada toodangu- ja terviseandmete võimalikke allikaid ja kättesaadavust. Ülevaate saamiseks koguti andmeid 27 Eesti piimaveisekarjast, kus põhikarja suurus varieeruvus oli 219-2628 lehma. Karjad valiti mugavusvalimi meetodil, ehk kontakteeruti nende ettevõtetega, mis olid autori või juhendajatega teinud varasemalt koostööd. Uuritud karjades ei olnud eesmärkidele vastavuses sigimisnäitajad, jäseme- ja sõratervis, udaratervis ning noorkarja tervis. Kõige vähem oli eesmärgipärastest vahemikest kõrvalekaldeid ainevahetuse näitajate osas. Enamus karjades oli kõrgem praakimiskordaja ja oodatust lühem keskmine eluiga. Analüüsi tulemusena leiti, seos kõrgema piimatoodangu ja lühema poegimisvahemiku ning kõrgema piimatoodangu ja madalama praakimiskordaja vahel. Tuvastati ka tendets, kus kõrgema piimatoodanguga karjades esines vähem subkliinilist mastiiti. Kõige rohkem registreeriti informatsiooni, mis puudutas sigimist, udaratervist, karja struktuuri ja praakimist. Need andmed saadi enamasti Eesti Põllumajandusloomade Jõudluskontrolli AS andmebaasist. Kõige kesisemalt talletati noorkarja tervist ja juurdekasvu ning jäseme- ja sõratervist kirjaldavaid andmeid. Lõputöö olulisus seisneb selles, et esmakordselt kirjeldati põhjalikult Eesti suuremate piimakarjade tervisealast olukorda.
The most effective way to improve herd performance, health, and welfare is by implementing herd health programs. This involves monitoring key herd health and production data and implementing preventive measures. The aim of this thesis was to provide an overview of the health and production indicators of large dairy cattle herds in Estonia, analyzing their relationship with production levels and herd size. Additionally, it aimed to describe the possible sources and availability of production and health data. Data was collected from 27 Estonian dairy herds, with the main herd size ranging from 219 to 2628 cows. Herds were selected using a convenience sampling method, meaning that contact was made with those farms that had previously collaborated with the author or supervisors. In the studied herds, reproductive indicators, hoof health, udder health, and the health of young cattle did not meet the objectives. The least deviations from target ranges were found in metabolic indicators. Most herds had higher culling rate and shorter than expected average lifespan. The analysis revealed a correlation between higher milk production and shorter calving intervals, as well as between higher milk production and lower culling rates. Trend was also identified where herds with higher milk production had fewer cases of subclinical mastitis. The most information was recorded regarding reproduction, udder health, herd structure, and culling. This data was mostly obtained from the Eesti Põllumajandusloomade Jõudluskontrolli AS's database. The least data was recorded regarding youngstock health and growth, as well as hoof health. The significance of the thesis lies in the fact that it was the first to provide a detailed description of the health status of larger dairy herds in Estonia.
The most effective way to improve herd performance, health, and welfare is by implementing herd health programs. This involves monitoring key herd health and production data and implementing preventive measures. The aim of this thesis was to provide an overview of the health and production indicators of large dairy cattle herds in Estonia, analyzing their relationship with production levels and herd size. Additionally, it aimed to describe the possible sources and availability of production and health data. Data was collected from 27 Estonian dairy herds, with the main herd size ranging from 219 to 2628 cows. Herds were selected using a convenience sampling method, meaning that contact was made with those farms that had previously collaborated with the author or supervisors. In the studied herds, reproductive indicators, hoof health, udder health, and the health of young cattle did not meet the objectives. The least deviations from target ranges were found in metabolic indicators. Most herds had higher culling rate and shorter than expected average lifespan. The analysis revealed a correlation between higher milk production and shorter calving intervals, as well as between higher milk production and lower culling rates. Trend was also identified where herds with higher milk production had fewer cases of subclinical mastitis. The most information was recorded regarding reproduction, udder health, herd structure, and culling. This data was mostly obtained from the Eesti Põllumajandusloomade Jõudluskontrolli AS's database. The least data was recorded regarding youngstock health and growth, as well as hoof health. The significance of the thesis lies in the fact that it was the first to provide a detailed description of the health status of larger dairy herds in Estonia.
Kirjeldus
Lõputöö
Veterinaarmeditsiini õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, karjatervis, piimaveisekari, tervishoid, produktiivloomad