Maavarade kaevandamine ja selle mõju ümbritsevale keskkonnale Pärnumaal
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Kuupäev
2015
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Bakalaureuse töös on toodud ülevaade Pärnu maakonnas kaevandatavatest maavaradest kehtivate kaevelubade alusel 2014 aasta seisuga. Töö eesmärgiks on selgitada erinevaid võimalusi ammendatud karjääride taasloodustamiseks ning juhtida tähelepanu kohalike omavalitsuste ja kaevandajate koostöö vajalikkusele karjäärialade edasise majandustegevuse planeerimisel.
Pärnu maakonna tähtsamaks maavaraks on turvas. 2013 a. oli maakonnas 32 turbamaardlat (millest kaevandati kuues), 18 kruusa- ja 22 ehitusliiva maardlat. Üleriigilise tähtsusega on Anelemma dolomiidi karjäär ja Arumetsa savimaardla. Maakonnas leidub veel järvemuda, mis on sobilik raviotstarbeliseks ja väetisena kasutuseks, ning meremuda ja järvelupja, kuid neid ei kaevandatud.
Ammendunud turbakaevandusaladel on päideroo kasvatamine jääksoos andnud häid tulemusi. See seostub ka Eesti energiamajanduskavaga aastani 2020, mille alusel peab kombijaamades toodetud elektrienergia osakaal moodustama aastaks 2020 kogutarbimisest 20%. Jääksoode ja ammendunud karjääride metsastamisel saab mulla viljakuse parandamiseks kasutada väetise asemel puu- ja briketituhka, tsemenditolmu ning reovee setteid. Rekultiveeritud karjäärialasid on võimalik kasutada turismi- ja elamuehituse arendamiseks, samuti sobivad nad ka jahipidamiseks ja sõjaväe harjutusaladeks.
The aim of the bachelors thesis is to provide an overview of different excavated mineral resources in Pärnu county (in 2014). The purpose is to explain different ways how exhausted quarries can be naturally restored, how they can be used again, to point out the importance of cooperation between local authorities and quarries in further economical planning and the need for effective governmental control. The most important natural mineral resource in Pärnu county is peat. In 2013 there were 32 peat deposits (of which 6 were excavated), 18 gravel quarries and 22 construction sand quarries operating. Analema dolomite quarry and Arumetsa clay mineral deposit are of national importance. Lake mud (which is used in therapeutic purposes as well as a feritiliser), sea mud and lime from lakes are also found in Pärnu county, but they were not excavated. The results of cultivating reed canary grass on the exhausted peat quarries have been good. This is in line with Estonian energy economics plan until 2020, which states that electricity produced from combined station will have to be 20% of the total energy consumption by the year 2020. Instead of using fertilisers, ash from wood and briquet made of peat, cement dust and sewage sludge can be used to improve the soil fertility on residual swamps and afforestation of exhausted quarries. Recultivated quarry areas can be used for tourism and housing development, as well as for hunting purposes or for training area for army.
The aim of the bachelors thesis is to provide an overview of different excavated mineral resources in Pärnu county (in 2014). The purpose is to explain different ways how exhausted quarries can be naturally restored, how they can be used again, to point out the importance of cooperation between local authorities and quarries in further economical planning and the need for effective governmental control. The most important natural mineral resource in Pärnu county is peat. In 2013 there were 32 peat deposits (of which 6 were excavated), 18 gravel quarries and 22 construction sand quarries operating. Analema dolomite quarry and Arumetsa clay mineral deposit are of national importance. Lake mud (which is used in therapeutic purposes as well as a feritiliser), sea mud and lime from lakes are also found in Pärnu county, but they were not excavated. The results of cultivating reed canary grass on the exhausted peat quarries have been good. This is in line with Estonian energy economics plan until 2020, which states that electricity produced from combined station will have to be 20% of the total energy consumption by the year 2020. Instead of using fertilisers, ash from wood and briquet made of peat, cement dust and sewage sludge can be used to improve the soil fertility on residual swamps and afforestation of exhausted quarries. Recultivated quarry areas can be used for tourism and housing development, as well as for hunting purposes or for training area for army.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
maavarad, maardlad, kaevandamine, jääksood, karjäärid (mäendus), rekultiveerimine, keskkond, Pärnumaa, bakalaureusetööd