Raudnikkelakude kasutusvõimaluste uurimine võrguühenduseta elektrisüsteemides
Laen...
Kuupäev
2023
Kättesaadav alates
15.09.2023
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Võrguühenduseta ehk off-grid elektrisüsteemid on muutumas üha populaarsemaks seoses
laialdase taastuvenergiaallikate kasutuselevõtuga ning sellest tuleneva elektritootmise
detsentraliseerimisega. Off-grid süsteemis on väga oluline osa salvestusseadmetel, et tagada
katkematu stabiilne elektrivarustus. Täna kasutatakse laialdaselt pliiakusid nende madala
hinna ja lihtsa kättesaadavuse tõttu. Nende puudusteks on aga madal erienergia, lühike eluiga
ja kehv jõudlus äärmistel temperatuuridel.
Antud magistritöös on alternatiivse lahendusena uuritud raudnikkelakude kasutamist
võrguühenduseta elektrisüsteemides. Töö eesmärk oli hinnata raudnikkelakude eeliseid ja
puudusi, mida hinnatakse läbi erinevate parameetrite. Selleks kasutati 137 ruutmeetrise eramuprosumeri aastaseid tarbimis- ja tootmisandmeid 2,5 kW-selt päikesepargilt ning 3,5 kW-selt
tuulegeneraatorilt. Tootmisandmed skaleeriti 70/30 suhtega tuuleenergia kasuks. Seejärel leiti
vajalik energiareserv arvestades toodanguta perioode. Sobivust hinnati võrdluses teiste
laialdaselt kasutatavate akutüüpidega nagu plii-, liitium-ioon- ja nikkel-kaadmiumakud.
Töö käigus selgus, et uuritud eramu pikima toodanguta perioodi energiavajaduse katteks on
vaja ca 3700 Ah akupanka, kui aku klemmipinge on 24 V. Raudnikkelaku kasuteguriga on see
4400...5445 ampertunnine akupank. Raudnikkelaku on võrreldes teiste laialdaselt kasutatavate
akutüüpidega madalate energeetiliste näitajatega. Raudnikkelaku eelisteks on pikk eluiga,
väike ökoloogiline jalajälg, suur temperatuuri ning suur tühjenemissügavus.
Off-grid electrical systems are gaining popularity due to the increasing use of renewable energy sources and the resulting decentralisation of electricity production. In such systems, storage devices ensure an uninterrupted and stable power supply. Lead-acid batteries are widely used today due to their low cost and easy availability. However, they have disadvantages, such as low energy density, short lifetime, and poor performance at extreme temperatures. This master's thesis investigates using nickel-iron batteries in off-grid systems as an alternative. The research aims to evaluate the suitability of Ni-Fe batteries. To achieve this, annual consumption data of a 137 square meter private house and annual production data from a 2.5 kW solar park and a 3.5 kW wind generator were used. The production data was scaled to 70/30 in favor of wind power. Then, the necessary energy reserve was found considering periods without production. The compatibility of Ni-Fe batteries was evaluated compared to other widely used battery types, such as lead-acid, lithium-ion, and nickel-cadmium batteries. The research revealed that to cover the energy needs for the longest non-production period of the investigated residence with a terminal voltage of 24 V, a battery bank of approximately 4400...5445 Ah is required. Compared to other widely used battery types, Ni-Fe batteries have low energy indicators. However, they have several advantages, such as a long lifespan, a small ecological footprint, and large depth of discharge and tolerance of high temperatures.
Off-grid electrical systems are gaining popularity due to the increasing use of renewable energy sources and the resulting decentralisation of electricity production. In such systems, storage devices ensure an uninterrupted and stable power supply. Lead-acid batteries are widely used today due to their low cost and easy availability. However, they have disadvantages, such as low energy density, short lifetime, and poor performance at extreme temperatures. This master's thesis investigates using nickel-iron batteries in off-grid systems as an alternative. The research aims to evaluate the suitability of Ni-Fe batteries. To achieve this, annual consumption data of a 137 square meter private house and annual production data from a 2.5 kW solar park and a 3.5 kW wind generator were used. The production data was scaled to 70/30 in favor of wind power. Then, the necessary energy reserve was found considering periods without production. The compatibility of Ni-Fe batteries was evaluated compared to other widely used battery types, such as lead-acid, lithium-ion, and nickel-cadmium batteries. The research revealed that to cover the energy needs for the longest non-production period of the investigated residence with a terminal voltage of 24 V, a battery bank of approximately 4400...5445 Ah is required. Compared to other widely used battery types, Ni-Fe batteries have low energy indicators. However, they have several advantages, such as a long lifespan, a small ecological footprint, and large depth of discharge and tolerance of high temperatures.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Energiakasutuse õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, raudnikkelakud, off-grid, salvestusseadmed, taastuvenergiaallikad