Mustika ja pohla saagikus Eesti erivanuselistes männikutes
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Kuupäev
2015
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Metsal on oluline osa inimeste elus, lisaks puidule saadi metsast marju, seeni, ravimtaimi,
kase-ja vahtramahla ning käsitöömaterjali. Tänasel päeva on võimalik osta turult
metsasaadusi, kuid väga paljud lähevad ise marjule ja seenele. Lisaks inimesele saavad
loomad ja linnud enda toidulaua metsast. Metsasaaduste korjamine on aktiivsem sõdade,
depressiooni ja tööpuuduse ajal. Saagikus on iga aasta erinev ning sõltub suuresti
klimaatilistest tingimustest, negatiivse mõju annavad öökülmad, vihmaperioodid ja põud.
Harilik mustikas ja pohl on sage ning laialt levinud üle kogu Eestis.
Antud uurimuse eesmärk on anda ülevaade mustika ja pohla saagikusest Eesti männikutes.
Magistritöö on valminud kirjandusallikate ja 1984-1991.aastal kogutud andmete põhjal. Töö
esimeses pooles antakse ülevaade mustika perekonnast, hariliku mustika ja hariliku pohla liigi
kirjeldusest, levikust ja ökoloogilistest nõudlustest. Lisaks on kirjandusallikate põhjal
kirjeldatud mustika ja pohla uuritusest meil ja lähimaades.
Tulemustest selgub, et mustika ja pohla marjasaak sõltub suuresti kevadistest öökülmadest.
Lisaks on oluliseks teguriks temperatuur ja sademed. Pohla viljakandvuses on selgelt eristatav
perioodilisus, kümne aasta kohta tuleb 3 väga head saagiaastat, 3-4 keskmist ja 2-4 saagivaest
või saagitut aastat.
Hariliku mustika viljakaimaks metsatüübiks on jänesekapsa-mustika kasvukohatüübi
männikud, kus saadakse keskmiselt 400 kg marju hektarilt. Pohla puhul on kõige viljakamad
raiesmikud, saagikusega 450 kg marju hektarilt.
Forest has an important role in people’s lives because in addition to wood it provided berries, mushrooms, medicinal plants, birch and maple juice and material for handicraft. Today it is possible to buy forest goods from the market, but many people prefer to go picking berries or gathering mushrooms themselves. In addition to people, the forest also feeds birds and animals. Gathering forest produce is always more active during wars, economic recession or a large-scale unemployment. The yield of goods is different each year and is largely dependent on the climate with nightly temperatures below zero, periods of rain and drought having a negative impact. Bilberries and lingonberries are widely spread across Estonia. The aim of this thesis is to provide an overview of the yield of crop of bilberries and lingonberries in Estonian pine forests. This Master’s Thesis was compiled relying on sources of literature and the data gathered during the period of 1984-1991. The first half of the thesis provides an overview of the bilberry plant family, the descriptions of species of common bilberries and lingonberries, spread and ecological demands. Previous studies concerning bilberries and lingonberries in Estonia and neighboring countries have been described founding on literature. The results reveal that the crop of lingonberries and bilberries largely depends upon the below-zero temperatures during spring nights. Additional dangers are temperature and precipitation. In the productivity of lingonberries clear periods can be differentiated: per a cycle of every ten years there are three years during which the crop is very good, 3-4 years of medium crops and 2-4 years during which the crop is poor or completely lacking. The most fertile forest types for the common bilberry are wood pine forests, which are the typical growth locations of wood sorrel and bilberry – those provide approximately 400 kg of berries per hectare. Clear cut areas the most fertile growth locations for lingonberries, providing 450 kg berries per hectare.
Forest has an important role in people’s lives because in addition to wood it provided berries, mushrooms, medicinal plants, birch and maple juice and material for handicraft. Today it is possible to buy forest goods from the market, but many people prefer to go picking berries or gathering mushrooms themselves. In addition to people, the forest also feeds birds and animals. Gathering forest produce is always more active during wars, economic recession or a large-scale unemployment. The yield of goods is different each year and is largely dependent on the climate with nightly temperatures below zero, periods of rain and drought having a negative impact. Bilberries and lingonberries are widely spread across Estonia. The aim of this thesis is to provide an overview of the yield of crop of bilberries and lingonberries in Estonian pine forests. This Master’s Thesis was compiled relying on sources of literature and the data gathered during the period of 1984-1991. The first half of the thesis provides an overview of the bilberry plant family, the descriptions of species of common bilberries and lingonberries, spread and ecological demands. Previous studies concerning bilberries and lingonberries in Estonia and neighboring countries have been described founding on literature. The results reveal that the crop of lingonberries and bilberries largely depends upon the below-zero temperatures during spring nights. Additional dangers are temperature and precipitation. In the productivity of lingonberries clear periods can be differentiated: per a cycle of every ten years there are three years during which the crop is very good, 3-4 years of medium crops and 2-4 years during which the crop is poor or completely lacking. The most fertile forest types for the common bilberry are wood pine forests, which are the typical growth locations of wood sorrel and bilberry – those provide approximately 400 kg of berries per hectare. Clear cut areas the most fertile growth locations for lingonberries, providing 450 kg berries per hectare.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
mustikas, pohl, saagikus, männikud, Eesti, magistritööd