Põlevkivituha kui tolmja lubiaine kasutamine väetisena
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Kuupäev
2016
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Eestis on peamine energiaallikas põlevkivi ning selle põletamisel elektrijaamades tekib igal
aastal miljoneid tonne põlevkivituhka, millest enamus ladustatakse tuhaväljadel.
Põlevkivituhka aga saab kasutada happeliste muldade, näiteks jääksoode turvasmuldade,
lupjamiseks. Töö eesmärgiks on välja selgitada, kuidas mõjutab tolmpõlevkivituha
kasutamine lubiväetisena puude kasvu jääksoodes, kus kasvupind on happeline ning
taimede kasvuks ebasoodne. Töö andmed on kogutud Puhatu freesturbaväljal kolmelt
katsealalt: kahe erineva tuhakogusega ˗ puu- ja põlevkivituha seguga (PT15+PõT15,
puutuhka 15 t/ha ja põlevkivituhka 15 t/ha) ja põlevkivituhaga (PõT10, põlevkivituhka
10t/ha) töödeldud aladelt ning tuhaga töötlemata kontrollalalt. Katsealuseks puuliigiks oli
harilik kuusk (Picea abies).
Uuringute tulemusena selgus, et põlevkivituha kasutamine väetisena mõjus kuuse kasvule
positiivselt. Erinevust kontrollala puudega võrreldes oli märgata nii kõrguskasvus kui ka
juurekaela diameetri kasvus. Parima tulemuse võrreldes kontrollalaga andis puu- ja
põlevkivituha seguga (PT15+PõT15) väetatud katseala. Sellel katsealal oli 2015. aastal
kuuskede keskmine kõrgus 64 cm, mis oli 1/3 võrra suurem kontrollala kuuskede
keskmisest kõrgusest (42 cm). Juurekaela keskmine diameeter oli 13,1 mm segutuhaga
töödeldud alal. Okkapikkusele mõjus väetamine positiivselt: parima tulemuse andis puu- ja
põlevkivituha seguga (PT15+PõT15) töötlemine. Tuhkadega väetamine tõstis turba pH-d
kuni 1,5 ühiku võrra. Põlevkivituhaga (PõT10) väetatud alal tõusis pH turba pindmises
kihis 5,8-ni. Toiteelementide sisaldusele (P, K, Ca, Mg, N) turbas mõjus väetamine
erinevalt, sealjuures suurenes oluliselt P ja K sisaldus turbas. Teiste toiteelementide (Ca,
Mg, N) sisaldust mõjutas tuhkade kasutamine vähem.
The main resource of energy in Estonia is oil shale. Power plants that use oil shale for energy, produce millions of tons of oil shale ash, most of which is being deposited on oil shale ash depositories. Oil shale ash, however, could be used as acidic soil neutralizer and fertilizer. The aim of this thesis is to find out the effects of oil shale ash as neutralizing fertilizer on cutaway peatlands, where the soil is acidic and unfavourable for the growth of plants. Data was gathered from three different experimental plots in Puhatu cutaway peatland. First two plots were fertilized with mixed ashes (PT15+PõT15, 15 t/ha of wood ash + 15 t/ha oil shale ash) and with oil shale ash (PõT10, 10 t/ha of oil shale ash). The third, unfertilized control plot was used for comparison. Sample tree species was Norway spruce (Picea abies). As a result, the effect of oil shale ash as fertilizer had a positive effect on the growth of Norway spruce. Difference between fertilized and control plots were shown as increment in height and root collar diameter. The best result was given by mixture of wood ash and oil shale ash (PT15+PõT15). In 2015, the average height of Norway spruce on given plot was 1/3 greater (64 cm) than the growth on unfertilized plot (42 cm), the average root collar diameter was 13,1 mm. Fertilizing had a positive effect on the length of the needles: the best result was given by mixture of wood ash and oil shale ash (PT15+PõT15). Due to fertilization, the pH of peat rose up to 1,5 units. Oil shale ash (PõT10) increased the pH up to 5,8 in the upper layer of the peat. Fertilizing had a different effect on soil nutrient element (P, K, Ca, Mg, N) concentrations, the concentration of P and K increased significantly. Concentrations of other elements (Ca, Mg, N) were influenced less by fertilization with ashes.
The main resource of energy in Estonia is oil shale. Power plants that use oil shale for energy, produce millions of tons of oil shale ash, most of which is being deposited on oil shale ash depositories. Oil shale ash, however, could be used as acidic soil neutralizer and fertilizer. The aim of this thesis is to find out the effects of oil shale ash as neutralizing fertilizer on cutaway peatlands, where the soil is acidic and unfavourable for the growth of plants. Data was gathered from three different experimental plots in Puhatu cutaway peatland. First two plots were fertilized with mixed ashes (PT15+PõT15, 15 t/ha of wood ash + 15 t/ha oil shale ash) and with oil shale ash (PõT10, 10 t/ha of oil shale ash). The third, unfertilized control plot was used for comparison. Sample tree species was Norway spruce (Picea abies). As a result, the effect of oil shale ash as fertilizer had a positive effect on the growth of Norway spruce. Difference between fertilized and control plots were shown as increment in height and root collar diameter. The best result was given by mixture of wood ash and oil shale ash (PT15+PõT15). In 2015, the average height of Norway spruce on given plot was 1/3 greater (64 cm) than the growth on unfertilized plot (42 cm), the average root collar diameter was 13,1 mm. Fertilizing had a positive effect on the length of the needles: the best result was given by mixture of wood ash and oil shale ash (PT15+PõT15). Due to fertilization, the pH of peat rose up to 1,5 units. Oil shale ash (PõT10) increased the pH up to 5,8 in the upper layer of the peat. Fertilizing had a different effect on soil nutrient element (P, K, Ca, Mg, N) concentrations, the concentration of P and K increased significantly. Concentrations of other elements (Ca, Mg, N) were influenced less by fertilization with ashes.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, Picea abies, põlevkivituhk, tuhk, väetised