Dendroloogilised uurimused Eestis. 1
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Kuupäev
1999
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Kirjastaja
Eesti Põllumajandusülikooli Metsanduslik Uurimisinstituut; Eesti Dendroloogia Selts
Abstrakt
Dendroloogial kui teadusharul on Eestis sügavad traditsioonid. Eelkõige on dendroloogia
areng ja Euraasia puittaimede uurimine ning introdutseerimine Eestisse seotud Tartu
Ülikooliga aastail 1802–1918 ja seal töötanud silmapaistvate teadlastega.
Emakeelse Tartu Ülikooli loomisega 1919. aastast alates leidis dendroloogia oma koha ka
ülikooli õppe- ja teadustöös. See keskendus eeskätt ülikooli metsaosakonda ja temaga tihedalt
seotud Akadeemilisse Metsaseltsi. Peamiseks uurimistöö baasiks kujunes Tartu Ülikooli
Järvselja Õppe- ja Katsemetskond ning selle juurde kuuluvad taimeaiad ja Raadi park Tartus,
samuti Kuusnõmme metsandik Saaremaal.
Kirjastustegevust ja üliõpilaste dendroloogilist uurimistööd toetas Akadeemiline
Metsaselts ka rahaliselt. Avaldati mitmed dendroloogia õppevahendid, tähtsündmuseks sai
prof. Andres Mathieseni (1890–1955) poolt 1934. aastal publitseeritud ja siiani kasutamist
leidev käsi- ja õpperaamat "Dendroloogia". Ligi 10% aastatel 1924–1944. lõpetanud
metsandusüliõpilaste diplomitöödest käsitles rohkem või vähem dendroloogiat. Tartu Ülikooli
metsaosakond koolitas uue dendroloogide kaadri, kellest osa pühendus kas kohe või siis
hiljem dendroloogilisele uurimistööle (Eduard Viirok, Bernhard Haller, Arthur Rühl, Paul
Reim, Harjo Sandur, August Michelson, Endel Laas jt).
Seoses puhkenud maailmasõja ja okupatsiooniga elas olulisi kaotusi üle ka dendroloogia.
Sõjajärgsel metsandusteaduse arenguperioodil hakati sellele teadusharule taas tähelepanu
pöörama. Ilmusid õpikud ja käsiraamatud Endel Laasilt ja Olev Hennolt, eelkõige aga mitmed
uurimistööd 1969. aastal rajatud Eesti Metsainstituudi ja tolleaegse Eesti Põllumajanduse
Akadeemia teadlaste sulest. Esileküündivaks kujunes 1961. aastal asutatud Tallinna
Botaanikaaia tegevus, eelkõige paljude ekspeditsioonide poolt uute puittaimede
introdutseerimisel NSV Liidu Euraasia osast, aga ka uurimistöös. Silmpaistvateks
dendroloogideks kujunesid Aleksei Paivel (sünd. 1929) ja Jüri Elliku (sünd. 1947). Nende
institutsioonide kõrval lõid akadeemilises teadustöös kaasa ka Tartu Riikliku Ülikooli
teadlased, eelkõige botaanikud.
Seoses Eesti isesesvumisega toimusid suured muudatused ka dendroloogia kui teadusharu
arengus ja uute puittaimede introduktsioonis. Üleminekuga TA süsteemist Tallinna linna
haldusesse on oma endise teadusliku tähenduse kaotanud Tallinna Botaanikaaed, oma töö on
lõpetanud Eesti Metsainstituut ja dendroloogia kui teadusharu on jälle koondumas Eesti
Põllumajandusülikooli. Kaasa löövad ka Tallinna Botaanikaaia ja Tartu Ülikooli teadlased.
Kodanikualgatuse korras kogub jõudu Eesti Dendroloogiaselts. Samas on tormiliselt kasvanud
uute puittaimede introduktsioon Eestisse, kuid mitte ekspeditsioonide tulemusel, vaid
puukoolide kaudu. Kahjuks jätab soovida teaduslik uurimistöö dendroloogia vallas, eelkõige
uute puittaimede introduktsioonikatsetused. Vanemate dendroloogiliste kollektsioonide kõrval
on aktiivsed isikud loonud uusi ja kõigis neis kasvavate puittaimeliikide jälgimine peaks
edaspidi andma võimalusi teaduslike järelduste tegemiseks.
Käesolev kogumik püüab edasi viia ja mitmekesistada Eestis tehtavate dendroloogiliste
uurimistööde avaldamist ja annab mõningase ülevaate siinsetest teadustöödest. Ühtlasi on see
kogumik pühendatud Tallinna Botaanikaaia ühe rajaja ja ühe tuntuma pärastsõjaaegse Eesti
dendroloogi Aleksei Paiveli 70. sünnipäevale. Toimetaja
Dendrology as a branch of science has long traditions in Estonia. The development of dendrology, and research and introduction of Eurasian woody plants to Estonia is, first and foremost, related to Tartu University in 1802–1918 and the outstanding scientists working there at that time. Since 1919 when Tartu University started to work as an Estonian-language university, more attention was paid to dendrology in the educational and scientific work. Dendrological activities were concentrated mainly in the Forestry Department and the Academic Forest Society which was closely related to it. Most of the research was conducted at the Järvselja Study and Experimental Forest District of Tartu University and the related plant gardens, as well as in Raadi Park in Tartu and in Kuusnõmme Forest District on the Saaremaa Island. The Academic Forest Society also gave financial support to publishing activities and dendrological research carried out by students. Several dendrological study aids were published. The most remarkable among them was the Dendrology Handbook and Textbook published in 1934 by Prof. Andres Mathiesen (1890–1955). This book is still used. About 10% of the diploma theses of forestry students graduating from the university in 1922–1944 dealt to a greater or lesser extent with dendrological issues. The Forestry Department of Tartu University educated a new staff of dendrologists, many of whom dedicated themselves either from the start or later to dendrological research (Eduard Viirok, Bernhard Haller, Arthur Rühl, Paul Reim, Harjo Sandur, August Michelson, Endel Laas, etc.). Dendrology, like many other fields, suffered great losses due to World War II and the occupation period following it. However, during the post-war period more attention was paid to that branch again in relation to the development of science of forestry. Textbooks and handbooks were published by Endel Laas and Olev Henno, as well as several articles on research conducted by scientists of the Estonian Forest Institute (established in 1969) and the then Estonian Agricultural Academy. The activities of Tallinn Botanic Garden, founded in 1961, were the most prominent. This is so mainly because of the introduction of woody plants from many expeditions to the Eurasian part of the Soviet Union, but also as regards research work. The most outstanding dendrologists were Aleksei Paivel (born in 1929) and Jüri Elliku (born in 1947). In addition to these institutions, scientists of Tartu State University, especially botanists, participated in scientific research. As a result of the re-independence of Estonia many changes occurred also in the development of dendrology as a branch of science, as well as in the introduction of new woody plants. Since the administration of Tallinn Botanic Garden was transferred from the Academy of Sciences to the City of Tallinn, dendrological research lost its importance there. The Estonian Forest Institute finished its operation and all the dendrological research is concentrating again to the Estonian Agricultural University. Scientists of Tallinn Botanic Garden and Tartu University also contribute to that work. The Estonian Dendrological Society, started by voluntary initiative, is gaining more importance. At the same time introduction of new woody plants in Estonia has grown rapidly, although not as a result of expeditions but thanks to the work of nursery gardens. Scientific work in dendrology is, unfortunately, somewhat lagging, especially as regards experiments in woody plants introduction. Active people in this field have established new dendrological collections to supplement the old ones and observation of woody plants in all those collections should give opportunities to make scientific conclusions in the future. This collection of works attempts to promote and diversify the publication of dendrological studies made in Estonia and gives a survey of the research carried out here. The publication is also dedicated to the 70th birthday of Aleksei Paivel, one of the founders of Tallinn Botanic Garden and one of the most outstanding post-war dendrologists in Estonia. Editor
Dendrology as a branch of science has long traditions in Estonia. The development of dendrology, and research and introduction of Eurasian woody plants to Estonia is, first and foremost, related to Tartu University in 1802–1918 and the outstanding scientists working there at that time. Since 1919 when Tartu University started to work as an Estonian-language university, more attention was paid to dendrology in the educational and scientific work. Dendrological activities were concentrated mainly in the Forestry Department and the Academic Forest Society which was closely related to it. Most of the research was conducted at the Järvselja Study and Experimental Forest District of Tartu University and the related plant gardens, as well as in Raadi Park in Tartu and in Kuusnõmme Forest District on the Saaremaa Island. The Academic Forest Society also gave financial support to publishing activities and dendrological research carried out by students. Several dendrological study aids were published. The most remarkable among them was the Dendrology Handbook and Textbook published in 1934 by Prof. Andres Mathiesen (1890–1955). This book is still used. About 10% of the diploma theses of forestry students graduating from the university in 1922–1944 dealt to a greater or lesser extent with dendrological issues. The Forestry Department of Tartu University educated a new staff of dendrologists, many of whom dedicated themselves either from the start or later to dendrological research (Eduard Viirok, Bernhard Haller, Arthur Rühl, Paul Reim, Harjo Sandur, August Michelson, Endel Laas, etc.). Dendrology, like many other fields, suffered great losses due to World War II and the occupation period following it. However, during the post-war period more attention was paid to that branch again in relation to the development of science of forestry. Textbooks and handbooks were published by Endel Laas and Olev Henno, as well as several articles on research conducted by scientists of the Estonian Forest Institute (established in 1969) and the then Estonian Agricultural Academy. The activities of Tallinn Botanic Garden, founded in 1961, were the most prominent. This is so mainly because of the introduction of woody plants from many expeditions to the Eurasian part of the Soviet Union, but also as regards research work. The most outstanding dendrologists were Aleksei Paivel (born in 1929) and Jüri Elliku (born in 1947). In addition to these institutions, scientists of Tartu State University, especially botanists, participated in scientific research. As a result of the re-independence of Estonia many changes occurred also in the development of dendrology as a branch of science, as well as in the introduction of new woody plants. Since the administration of Tallinn Botanic Garden was transferred from the Academy of Sciences to the City of Tallinn, dendrological research lost its importance there. The Estonian Forest Institute finished its operation and all the dendrological research is concentrating again to the Estonian Agricultural University. Scientists of Tallinn Botanic Garden and Tartu University also contribute to that work. The Estonian Dendrological Society, started by voluntary initiative, is gaining more importance. At the same time introduction of new woody plants in Estonia has grown rapidly, although not as a result of expeditions but thanks to the work of nursery gardens. Scientific work in dendrology is, unfortunately, somewhat lagging, especially as regards experiments in woody plants introduction. Active people in this field have established new dendrological collections to supplement the old ones and observation of woody plants in all those collections should give opportunities to make scientific conclusions in the future. This collection of works attempts to promote and diversify the publication of dendrological studies made in Estonia and gives a survey of the research carried out here. The publication is also dedicated to the 70th birthday of Aleksei Paivel, one of the founders of Tallinn Botanic Garden and one of the most outstanding post-war dendrologists in Estonia. Editor
Kirjeldus
Täistekst
Märksõnad
dendroloogia, puittaimed, Eesti