Indutseeritud insektitsiidi resistentsus kirju-ketasjooksikul
Laen...
Kuupäev
2019
Kättesaadav alates
4.09.2019
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Põldudel kasutatavate pestitsiididega puutuvad kokku nii putukkahjurid kui ka kasulikud
mitte-sihtputukad. Taimekaitsevahendite mõju neile võib-olla, kas letaalne või subletaalne
ning aja jooksul võib neil tekkida resistentsus laialdaselt kasutust leidvate pestitsiidide
suhtes. Insektitsiidi resistentsust kasurputukate seas pole varem uuritud. Käesoleva töö
eesmärk oli mõõta püretroidse insektitsiidi Fastac 50 EC subletaalsete kontsentratsioonide
mõju kirju-ketasjooksiku (Anchomenus dorsalis) lokomotoorsele aktiivsusele pärast
esimest ja teist töötlust. Lokomotoorse aktiivsuse põhjal hinnati indutseeritud pestitsiidi
resistentsuse tekkimist jooksiklastel. Katsemardikaid töödeldi kaks korda nädalaste
vahedega. Esimesel nädalal töödeldi kõiki katseloomi insektitsiidi 0,01 mg/L; 0,1 mg/L ja
1 mg/L toimeaine lahuste kontsentratsioonidega, nädal hiljem 10 mg/L või 1 mg/L
kontsentratsioonidega. Töödeldud mardikate käitumist videofilmiti vahetult pärast töötlust
ja 24 h hiljem. Katsetulemustest selgus, et vahetult pärast esimest töötlust Fastac 50 EC
erinevate subletaalsete toimeaine kontsentratsioonidega (0,01; 0,1 ja 1 mg/L) esines
jooksiklastel lokomotoorne hüperaktiivsus. Nädal aega hilisem töötlus püretroidi tugeva
kontsentratsiooniga (10 mg/L), põhjustas katsemardikatel hüpoaktiivsust ja indutseeritud
resistentsust jooksiklastel ei täheldatud. Teisel töötlusel püretroidi nõrgema
kontsentratsiooniga (1 mg/L) ilmnes indutseeritud resistentsus vaid nendel jooksiklastel,
keda oli algtöödeldud püretroidi tugevama kontsentratsiooniga (0,1 ja 1 mg/L), ent teiseks
päevaks olid resistentsuse ilmingud kadunud. Antud uurimustöö katsetulemused viitavad
esimest korda indutseeritud resistentsuse tekkele, seega esimene hüpotees leidis kinnitust.
Katsetulemustest selgus, et kokkupuude püretroidse insektitsiidi subletaalsete
kontsentratsioonidega põhjustasid muutusi kirju-ketasjooksikute lokomotoorses
aktiivsuses, mis on usaldusväärne ja laialt kasutatav kvantitatiivne toksikoloogiline
biomarker ja selle abil saab hinnata putukate insektitsiidi indutseeritud resistentsust, seega
teine hüpotees leidis samuti kinnitust.
Insect pests and beneficial, non-target insects alike come in contact with pesticides used on crops. The effects of plant protection products on these insects may be either lethal or sublethal, and over time, insects may develop resistance to widely used pesticides. This thesis is the first to research the development of induced resistance in beneficial insects. The object of this master’s thesis was to assess the impact of sublethal concentrations of the pyrethroid insecticide Fastac 50EC on the locomotor activity of Anchomenus dorsalis after the first and second treatments. Development of induced insecticide resistance was observed on the basis of locomotor activity of the ground beetle. The test beetles were treated twice at one-week intervals. During the first week, all of the test animals were treated with 0.01 mg/L, 0.1mg/L and 1mg/L concentrations of a solution of the active ingredient; a week later, they were treated with 10 mg/L or 1 mg/L concentrations. The behavior of the ground beetles treated with the insecticide was filmed immediately after each round of treatment and again 24 hours following their treatment. The results of this testing revealed that following treatment with various concentrations of the sublethal ingredient (0.01 mg/L, 0.1 mg/L and 1 mg/L), locomotor hyperactivity was recorded in the treated ground beetles. A week later, treatment with the stronger, 10 mg/L concentration led to locomotor hypoactivity in test beetles and induced resistance was not observed. Second treatment with the weaker 1 mg/L concentration indicated induced resistance among those test beetles initially treated with stronger concentrations (0.1 mg/L and 1 mg/L), but on the second day, the indications of resistance had disappeared. The test results of this master’s thesis indicate occurrence of induced resistance first time ever, thus the first hypothesis was confirmed. The test results did, however, demonstrate that contact with sublethal concentrations of the insecticide caused changes in the locomotor activity of Anchomenus dorsalis beetles, and thus the second hypothesis was also confirmed.
Insect pests and beneficial, non-target insects alike come in contact with pesticides used on crops. The effects of plant protection products on these insects may be either lethal or sublethal, and over time, insects may develop resistance to widely used pesticides. This thesis is the first to research the development of induced resistance in beneficial insects. The object of this master’s thesis was to assess the impact of sublethal concentrations of the pyrethroid insecticide Fastac 50EC on the locomotor activity of Anchomenus dorsalis after the first and second treatments. Development of induced insecticide resistance was observed on the basis of locomotor activity of the ground beetle. The test beetles were treated twice at one-week intervals. During the first week, all of the test animals were treated with 0.01 mg/L, 0.1mg/L and 1mg/L concentrations of a solution of the active ingredient; a week later, they were treated with 10 mg/L or 1 mg/L concentrations. The behavior of the ground beetles treated with the insecticide was filmed immediately after each round of treatment and again 24 hours following their treatment. The results of this testing revealed that following treatment with various concentrations of the sublethal ingredient (0.01 mg/L, 0.1 mg/L and 1 mg/L), locomotor hyperactivity was recorded in the treated ground beetles. A week later, treatment with the stronger, 10 mg/L concentration led to locomotor hypoactivity in test beetles and induced resistance was not observed. Second treatment with the weaker 1 mg/L concentration indicated induced resistance among those test beetles initially treated with stronger concentrations (0.1 mg/L and 1 mg/L), but on the second day, the indications of resistance had disappeared. The test results of this master’s thesis indicate occurrence of induced resistance first time ever, thus the first hypothesis was confirmed. The test results did, however, demonstrate that contact with sublethal concentrations of the insecticide caused changes in the locomotor activity of Anchomenus dorsalis beetles, and thus the second hypothesis was also confirmed.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, lülijalgsed, resistentsus