MycoPhylo eksperimendil kasvavate lehtpuude kasv ja tervislik seisund
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Kuupäev
2024
Kättesaadavus
05.09.2024
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Metsanduses tekitavad erinevad patogeenid igal aastal palju kahju nii majandusele kui ka loodusele. Eriti ohtlikud on invasiivsed patogeenid, kelle levikut soosib muutuv kliima. Rõhul paiknev MycoPhylo katseala on loodud mitmeks erinevaks eesmärgiks, millest üks on nn vaatlusala, mis võimaldab katsealal jälgida kahjurite ja patogeenide levikut erinevatel puuliikidel. Käesolevas lõputöös püstitati kaks eesmärki: 1) Mycophylo eksperimendil lehtpuude kasvu ja tervisliku seisundi hindamine ning 2) millised patogeenid esinevad ja mõjutavad katsetaimi. Katsealal tehti lehtpuude kasvu ja tervisliku seisundi hindamine ning lisaks võeti sümptomaatilistelt puudelt proovid. Nendest tehti isoleerimine puhaskultuuri ja uue põlvkonna MinION sekveneerimine patogeenide tuvastamiseks. Tulemustest selgus, et 598 lehtpuust katsealal on 49% terved ehk hinnati esimesse klassi, 24% teises, 11% kolmandas, 4% neljandas ja 12% olid surnud puud ehk viiendas klassis. Katseala kõrgeima keskmise kasvuga oli hõbepappel (Populus alba) (6,8 m), järgnes harilik haab (Populus tremula) (6,1 m) ja arukask (Betula pendula) (5,7 m). Kõrgeimad keskmised aastased juurdekasvud olid hõberemmelgas (Salix alba) (1,2 m), raagremmelgas (Salix caprea) (1,0 m) ja harilik haab (Populus tremula) (1,0 m). Harilikult saarelt (Fraxinus excelsior) avastati kõige rohkem seeneliike (39), seejärel suureleheline pärn (Tilia platyphyllos) (38) ja harilik tamm (Quercus robur) (36). MinION sekveneerimisel oli kõige levinum haigustekitaja Alternaria metachromatica, mida tuvastati 11 erineval lehtpuuliigi lehtedel ja võrsetel.
In forestry there are various pathogens that cause lot of damage to the economy and nature every year. Invasive pathogens are the most dangerous and their spread is favoured by the climate change. MycoPhylo experiment, which is located at Rõhu, Tartu county was established for several purposes, one of which is to be an observation site that can be used to survey the spread of different pathogens and pests on several tree species. There are two objectives that were set for this thesis 1) to assess the growth and health status of deciduous trees on MycoPhylo experiment and 2) to identify pathogens that can be found on the site and their effect on the trees. Deciduous trees were measured, their health classes assessed and samples were taken from symptomatic trees on the test site. These samples were then used to isolate fungi pure culture and next generation MinION sequencing to identify pathogens. The results revealed that from assessed 598 deciduous trees, 49% or almost half were healthy, 24% were in the second class, 11% in the third, 4% in the fourth and 12% were dead. The tree species with the highest average growth in the experimental area was the Populus alba (6,8 m), followed by Populus tremula (6,1 m) and Betula pendula (5,7 m). Highest average annual growth was on Salix alba (1,2 m), Salix caprea (1,0 m) and Populus tremula (1,0 m). Fraxinus excelsior had the highest number of fungal taxons (39) followed by Tilia platyphyllos with 38 and Quercus robur with 36 taxons. Alternaria metachromatica was the most detected fungal species with the MinION sequencing and was found on 11 different deciduous tree species.
In forestry there are various pathogens that cause lot of damage to the economy and nature every year. Invasive pathogens are the most dangerous and their spread is favoured by the climate change. MycoPhylo experiment, which is located at Rõhu, Tartu county was established for several purposes, one of which is to be an observation site that can be used to survey the spread of different pathogens and pests on several tree species. There are two objectives that were set for this thesis 1) to assess the growth and health status of deciduous trees on MycoPhylo experiment and 2) to identify pathogens that can be found on the site and their effect on the trees. Deciduous trees were measured, their health classes assessed and samples were taken from symptomatic trees on the test site. These samples were then used to isolate fungi pure culture and next generation MinION sequencing to identify pathogens. The results revealed that from assessed 598 deciduous trees, 49% or almost half were healthy, 24% were in the second class, 11% in the third, 4% in the fourth and 12% were dead. The tree species with the highest average growth in the experimental area was the Populus alba (6,8 m), followed by Populus tremula (6,1 m) and Betula pendula (5,7 m). Highest average annual growth was on Salix alba (1,2 m), Salix caprea (1,0 m) and Populus tremula (1,0 m). Fraxinus excelsior had the highest number of fungal taxons (39) followed by Tilia platyphyllos with 38 and Quercus robur with 36 taxons. Alternaria metachromatica was the most detected fungal species with the MinION sequencing and was found on 11 different deciduous tree species.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Metsanduse õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, haigusklass, seenpatogeen, MinION sekvenaator