Hingu (Cobitis taenia) ja vingerja (Misgurnus fossilis) keskkonnanõudlused ja vastupidavus keskkonna muutustele
Laen...
Kuupäev
2022
Kättesaadavus
02.09.2022
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Hink ja vingerjas kuuluvad III kaitsekategooriasse ning on Eestis väheuuritud kalaliigid.
Vähene teadlikkus tuleneb peamiselt nende kohastumusest elada veekogude põhjades ja
öisest eluviisist. Tavaseire meetoditega on arvukust väga raske hinnata. Seega on liikide
seires nende kättesaamine haruldane ning see on ka üks kaitsekategooriasse kuulumise
põhjuseid. Samas on leitud, et keskkonnatingimustele ja nende ajutisele muutusele on
mõlemad liigid väga vastupidavad, aga keskkonnanõudlused on siiski erilisemad kui
paljudel teistel kalaliikidel. Varasemalt on läbi viidud ainult üksikuid seireid Eesti eri
veekogudes ja aastatel, aga üldist leviku uuringut pole varem läbi viidud. Töö eesmärk oli
uurida hingu ja vingerja levikut terves Eestis varasemalt läbi viidud seireandmete põhjal
ning välja selgitada, kas aastatega toimunud negatiivsed või positiivsed
keskkonnamuutused on liikide levikut mõjutanud. Töös koostati kaks hüpoteesi, milleks
olid: 1) Meil on piisavalt hea ülevaade nende kalade levikust. 2) Need kalad ei vaja sellist
kaitset nagu neile praegu pakutakse III kaitsekategooriasse kuulumisega. Andmed uuringu
läbiviimiseks saadi seiretest, mis olid ajavahemikus 2000-2021 aastatel läbi viidud. Lisaks
oli seireandmeid 20. saj kuni 2019 aastani kirjas erinevates raamatutes. Andmeid
analüüsiti programmides Microsoft Excel ja Word, kus neist tabelid koostati.
Olemasolevate seireandmete alusel näitasid tulemused, et Eesti jõgedes on mõlema
kalaliigi levik tõusnud ja looduslikul teel laienenud, aga Eesti järvedes on mõlema liigi
levik langenud. Esimese hüpoteesi tulemusena pole meil piisavat ja täpset ülevaadet nende
kalade levikust ning teine hüpotees jäi lahtiseks seoses sellega, et praegused seirepüükide
meetodid nendele kalaliikidele ei sobi. Uue keskkonna DNAga võib selguda, et kogu Eesti
territooriumist tuleks teha üks kaitseala ning siis poleks III kaitsekategooriasse hingu ja
vingerja kuulumine enam õigustatud.
Spined loach and mud loach belong to protection category III and are insufficiently researched fish species in Estonia. The lack of awareness is mainly due to their adaptability to living at the bottom of water bodies and the fact that they are nocturnal. Conventional monitoring methods make it very difficult to estimate abundance. So, their capture in species monitoring is rare and is one of the reasons for their inclusion in the conservation category. At the same time, both species have been found to be very resilient to environmental conditions and their temporary change, but the environmental demands are more specific than for many other fish species. Previously, hardly any monitoring has been carried out in different water bodies and years in Estonia, but no general distribution study has been carried out before. The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of the spined loach and the mud loach throughout Estonia based on previous monitoring data and to find out if the negative or positive environmental changes that have taken place over the years have affected the distribution of the species. The following two hypotheses were proposed in the study: 1) We have a good enough overview of the distribution of these fish. 2) These fish do not require the protection currently afforded to them in protection category III. Data for the study were obtained from monitoring carried out between 2000 and 2021. In addition, monitoring data were obtained from various books from the 20th century to 2019. The data were analyzed in Microsoft Excel and Word, where tables were compiled. Based on the available monitoring data, the results showed that the distribution of both fish species in Estonian rivers has increased and expanded naturally, but the distribution of both species in Estonian lakes has decreased. As a result of the first hypothesis, we do not have an accurate enough overview of the distribution of these fish, and the second hypothesis remains open because current monitoring fishing methods are not suitable for these fish species. With new environmental DNA (eDNA), it may become clear that the entire territory of Estonia should be made a protected area, and then belonging to the protection category III would no longer be justified.
Spined loach and mud loach belong to protection category III and are insufficiently researched fish species in Estonia. The lack of awareness is mainly due to their adaptability to living at the bottom of water bodies and the fact that they are nocturnal. Conventional monitoring methods make it very difficult to estimate abundance. So, their capture in species monitoring is rare and is one of the reasons for their inclusion in the conservation category. At the same time, both species have been found to be very resilient to environmental conditions and their temporary change, but the environmental demands are more specific than for many other fish species. Previously, hardly any monitoring has been carried out in different water bodies and years in Estonia, but no general distribution study has been carried out before. The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of the spined loach and the mud loach throughout Estonia based on previous monitoring data and to find out if the negative or positive environmental changes that have taken place over the years have affected the distribution of the species. The following two hypotheses were proposed in the study: 1) We have a good enough overview of the distribution of these fish. 2) These fish do not require the protection currently afforded to them in protection category III. Data for the study were obtained from monitoring carried out between 2000 and 2021. In addition, monitoring data were obtained from various books from the 20th century to 2019. The data were analyzed in Microsoft Excel and Word, where tables were compiled. Based on the available monitoring data, the results showed that the distribution of both fish species in Estonian rivers has increased and expanded naturally, but the distribution of both species in Estonian lakes has decreased. As a result of the first hypothesis, we do not have an accurate enough overview of the distribution of these fish, and the second hypothesis remains open because current monitoring fishing methods are not suitable for these fish species. With new environmental DNA (eDNA), it may become clear that the entire territory of Estonia should be made a protected area, and then belonging to the protection category III would no longer be justified.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Vee ja maismaa ökosüsteemide rakendusbioloogia õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, hink, vingerjas, III kaitsekategooria, seiremeetodid, Roheline Ülikool (töö toetab EMÜ Rohelise Ülikooli põhimõtteid), elurikkus, pärandkooslused, pärandmaastikud, maastikukaitse