Juuremädanike esinemine hariliku kuuse puistutes harvendusraiete järgselt
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Kuupäev
2014
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
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Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Juuremädaniku tekitaja Heterobasidion spp. tekitab hariliku kuuse puistutes tõsist
majanduslikku kahju. Harvendusraiete mõju juurepessu levikule on märkimisväärne.
Bakalaureusetöö eesmärgiks on välja selgitada kui ulatuslikult ja mis liiki
juuremädanike tekitajatega on hariliku kuuse puistud viljakates kasvukohatüüpides
(jänesekapsa, naadi ja sinilille) harvendusraiete järgselt nakatunud; hinnata mädaniku
esinemist, arvestades alade ajalugu, puistu vanust, liigilist koosseisu ning
kasvukohatüüpe. Uurimuse jaoks koguti 2013. aasta sügisel andmeid kümnelt
proovitükilt hariliku kuuse puistust ja 99-lt puult, Tartumaa metskonnast ning Järvselja
Õppe- ja Katsemetskonnast. Harvendusraied olid läbi viidud erinevatel aegadel: talvel,
varakevadel ja suvel. Kolmel katsealal oli tehtud kaks ja enam harvendusraiet. Kogutud
juurdekasvuproove analüüsiti laboris mädaniku hindamiseks ning liikide määramiseks.
Resistograafiga saadud andmeid kasutati samuti mädanikuga puude hindamiseks puistus
ning saadud andmed võrreldi juurdekasvuproovidega. Kümnest uuritud kuuse
enamusega puistust olid juuremädanike tekitajatega nakatunud kaheksa. Rohkem
määrati kuuse-juurepessu (Heterobasidion parviporum) esinemist, kuid kahest
kuusepuistust leiti ka männi-juurepessu (Heterobasidion annosum). Külmaseent
(Armillaria spp.) uuritud puudel ei esinenud. Tüvemädanikku esines viies puistus, neist
ühel alal märgiti mädaniku esinemine 10-st puust neljal, teises puistutes oli mädanikuga
puude osakaal väiksem. Huvitava asjaoluna selgus, et juurepessuga nakatunud puid oli
vähem suvistel ja varakevadel teostatud harvendusraiete aladel võrreldes talvel teostatud
raietega. Kõige ulatuslikumalt osutus juurepessu poolt kahjustatuks puistu sinilille
kasvukohatüübis, seejärel naadi kasvukohatüübi puistud ning siis jänesekapsa
kasvukohatüüp. Alad jäävad püsikatsealadeks ning proove kogutakse 2-aastase
intervalliga, selgitamaks juurepessu levimise kiirust harvendusraiete järgselt.
Root rot Heterobasidion causes serious economical damage in Norway spruce stands. Thinning thereby affects considerably the spread of the Heterobasidion. Objectives of this bachelor’s thesis was to investigate species and spread of the root rots in fertile site types after thinnings, also to estimate spread of the decay in consideration of site history, age, composition of stand and forest site type. For research were selected ten Norway spruce stands in Tartumaa forest district and Järvselja Training and Experimental Forest Centre where data from 99 trees were collected. Thinnings were carried out in winter, early-spring and summer. On three plots, two or more thinnings were carried out. Increment borer samples were collected to estimate decay and determine species of the pathogen. Resistograph data were collected and used to estimate decayed trees and data was compared with increment samples data. Eight out of ten plots were infected with Heterobasidion root rot. Mostly, H. parviporum was determined, however two plots were infected by H. annosum. Armillaria spp. was not found in investigated areas. Butt rot appeared in five stands, one of them with extensive decay (4 out of 10 trees), percentage of the decay in other stands were lower. As interesting circumstance, there were higher percentage of infected stands in winter thinning areas compared to summer and early-spring thinnings. Hepatica site type was the most extensively infected, after that Aegopodium site type and then Oxalis site type. Experimental plots will remain as permanent plots and samples will be collected in 2- years interval to investigate the rapidity of the Heterobasidion spread after thinnings
Root rot Heterobasidion causes serious economical damage in Norway spruce stands. Thinning thereby affects considerably the spread of the Heterobasidion. Objectives of this bachelor’s thesis was to investigate species and spread of the root rots in fertile site types after thinnings, also to estimate spread of the decay in consideration of site history, age, composition of stand and forest site type. For research were selected ten Norway spruce stands in Tartumaa forest district and Järvselja Training and Experimental Forest Centre where data from 99 trees were collected. Thinnings were carried out in winter, early-spring and summer. On three plots, two or more thinnings were carried out. Increment borer samples were collected to estimate decay and determine species of the pathogen. Resistograph data were collected and used to estimate decayed trees and data was compared with increment samples data. Eight out of ten plots were infected with Heterobasidion root rot. Mostly, H. parviporum was determined, however two plots were infected by H. annosum. Armillaria spp. was not found in investigated areas. Butt rot appeared in five stands, one of them with extensive decay (4 out of 10 trees), percentage of the decay in other stands were lower. As interesting circumstance, there were higher percentage of infected stands in winter thinning areas compared to summer and early-spring thinnings. Hepatica site type was the most extensively infected, after that Aegopodium site type and then Oxalis site type. Experimental plots will remain as permanent plots and samples will be collected in 2- years interval to investigate the rapidity of the Heterobasidion spread after thinnings
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bakalaureusetööd