Nutikas Valguslüliti
Laen...
Kuupäev
2025
Kättesaadav alates
11.09.2025
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Viimastel aastatel on kasvanud huvi nutika kodu lahenduste vastu, mis aitavad parandada elukeskkonna mugavust ja energiatõhusust. Töö keskendus probleemi lahendamisele, kuidas valgustust juhtida viisil, mis toetaks paremini inimese tsirkadiaanrütmi ning võimaldaks valgust reguleerida automaatselt vastavalt ruumi valgusoludele. Töö eesmärk oli projekteerida ja ehitada prototüüp nutikast valguslülitist, mis võimaldab valgustugevust reguleerida nii manuaalselt kui ka automaatselt.
Töö käigus määratleti seadme funktsionaalsed ja mittefunktsionaalsed nõuded. Samuti viidi läbi turu-uuring, mis näitas, et olemasolevad lahendused ei vasta täielikult Euroopa elektrivõrgu tingimustele ega paku piisavat automaatikataset. Riistvaradisainis valiti ESP32-S2 mikrokontroller, arendati sobiv toiteahel, valgusanduri ja pöördkooderi lahendus ning sümistori põhine juhtimisahel koos impulssrelee süsteemiga. Erilist tähelepanu pöörati trükkplaadi disainile ja komponentide sobitamisele seadmetoosi formaati. Prototüüpimisel ilmnes mitmeid väljakutseid, sealhulgas mikrokontrolleri jootmine ja puudulikult planeeritud skeemilahendused, mille tõttu ei õnnestunud luua täielikult töökorras prototüüpi.
Kuigi töö lõpptulemusena täielikult toimivat seadet ei valminud, saavutati projekti käigus oluline areng elektroonika disaini ja prototüüpimise oskustes. Prototüüp kinnitas, et loodud lahendus vastas suuremas osas seatud nõuetele ning omab potentsiaali edasiseks arendamiseks reaalseks tooteks. Edasised sammud hõlmaksid tarkvara lõpuleviimist, seadme töökindluse suurendamist ning valgustuse spektri juhtimise ja liikumisandurite lisamist.
In recent years, interest in smart home solutions has increased, aiming to improve both living comfort and energy efficiency. This thesis focused on addressing how lighting can be controlled in a way that better supports the human circadian rhythm and allows automatic adjustment based on ambient light conditions. The objective was to design and build a prototype of a smart light switch capable of regulating light intensity both manually and automatically. During the project, both functional and non-functional requirements for the device were defined. A market analysis revealed that existing solutions do not fully comply with European electrical grid standards and often lack adequate automation features. In terms of hardware, an ESP32-S2 microcontroller was selected, along with the development of a suitable power circuit, light sensor and rotary encoder interface, and a triac-based dimming circuit combined with an impulse relay system. Special attention was given to the printed circuit board design and fitting the components into a standard wall-mount enclosure. Several challenges emerged during prototyping, including difficulties with soldering the microcontroller and design flaws in the schematic, which ultimately prevented the creation of a fully functional prototype. Although a complete working device was not achieved, the project provided valuable experience in electronic design and prototyping. The prototype confirmed that the core concept met most of the defined requirements and has clear potential for further development into a real-world product. Future steps would include completing the software, improving system reliability, and adding features such as spectral light control and motion sensors.
In recent years, interest in smart home solutions has increased, aiming to improve both living comfort and energy efficiency. This thesis focused on addressing how lighting can be controlled in a way that better supports the human circadian rhythm and allows automatic adjustment based on ambient light conditions. The objective was to design and build a prototype of a smart light switch capable of regulating light intensity both manually and automatically. During the project, both functional and non-functional requirements for the device were defined. A market analysis revealed that existing solutions do not fully comply with European electrical grid standards and often lack adequate automation features. In terms of hardware, an ESP32-S2 microcontroller was selected, along with the development of a suitable power circuit, light sensor and rotary encoder interface, and a triac-based dimming circuit combined with an impulse relay system. Special attention was given to the printed circuit board design and fitting the components into a standard wall-mount enclosure. Several challenges emerged during prototyping, including difficulties with soldering the microcontroller and design flaws in the schematic, which ultimately prevented the creation of a fully functional prototype. Although a complete working device was not achieved, the project provided valuable experience in electronic design and prototyping. The prototype confirmed that the core concept met most of the defined requirements and has clear potential for further development into a real-world product. Future steps would include completing the software, improving system reliability, and adding features such as spectral light control and motion sensors.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Tehnika ja tehnoloogia õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, elektroonika, trükkplaat, mikrokontroller, valgusti