Harvendusraie kvaliteedi uurimine RMK kuusikutes
Laen...
Kuupäev
2022
Kättesaadavus
08.09.2022
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Harvendusraie üheks eesmärgiks on puistute sanitaarse seisundi parandamine, kuid
intensiivse metsamajandamise tagajärjel võib sellel olla vastupidine efekt. Puistu ja maapinna
kahjustused põhjustavad puude juurdekasvu aeglustumist ja kasvavate puude puidu kvaliteedi
halvenemist, mis omakorda toob kaasa majanduskahju. Tüve osad, mis varem oleks sobinud
kvaliteetseks palgiks, sobivad vaid paberi tootmiseks.
Käesoleva töö eesmärk on uurida, kuidas mõjutab intensiivne harvendusraie RMK Kagu
regiooni kuusikute sanitaarset seisundit raiejärgselt ning sealhulgas hinnata ja analüüsida
kokkuveoteede kvaliteeti, puistu rinnaspindala (m2
/ha), kasvavate puude vigastusi ja
maapinnakahjustuste esinemist. Vaatluses olnud objektid grupeeriti eraldi kasvukohatüüpide
niiskusastme ja harvesteri suuruse järgi. Uurimuse läbiviimiseks hinnati kokku 40 eraldist,
pindalaga 55,3 ha.
Kokkuveoteede planeerimisel võeti arvesse eelkõige puude paiknemist, maastikulisi
eripärasusi ning laoplatsi asukohta. Kokkuveoteed moodustasid keskmiselt 17,8% raielangi
pindalast. Keskmine kokkuveoteede laius objektidel oli 3,5 m ning servapuude kaugus teineteisest 4,3 m. Suure harvesteriga tehtud harvendusraiel oli puistu jäänud ühtlasem.
Lühema nooleulatusega harvesterid oleks pidanud kasutama ribatee meetodit koos
sisselõigetega. Kokkuvõtlikult oli puistute väljaraie kogus piisav, et anda kasvavatele puudele
valgust ja kasvuruumi. Uuritavate puistute keskmine rinnaspindala üle lubatud alammäära
pärast harvendusraiet oli 2,1 m2
/ha. Mehaanilisi vigastusi ilmnes kasvavatel puudel
keskmiselt 5,2% puudest. Kõige rohkem oli puid vigastatud langetatud puu töötlemisega ja
lõikepeaga riivamisega. Üle 90% vigastatud puudest paiknesid vahetult kokkuveoteede
kõrval.
One of the aims of thinning is to improve sanitation, but this may have the opposite effect as a result of intensive forest management. Damage to the stand and soil leads to a slowdown in the growth of trees and deterioration of the quality of the wood of growing trees, which, in turn, results in economic losses. Parts of the trunk that would previously have been suitable for a high-quality log are only suitable for paper production. The purpose of this work is to study the impact of intensive thinning on the sanitary condition of spruce stands in the South-Eastern region of the State Forest Management Center in Estonia, including the assessment and analysis quality of strip roads, the basal area (m2 /ha), damage to growing trees and the presence of soil damage. The observed objects were grouped separately according to the types of sites, the degree of humidity and the size of the harvester. 40 plots with an area of 55.3 hectares were evaluated for the study. When planning strip roads, the location of trees, terrain features and the location of the storage sites were taken into account on the first place. On average, strip roads accounted for 17.8% of the felling area. The average width of the strip roads on the objects was 3.5 m, and the distance between the edge trees was 4.3 m. On thinning by a large harvester, the stand remained more uniform. Harvesters with a shorter range of boom had to use the strip road method with spurs. Thus, the amount of felling of trees was sufficient to give the growing trees light and space for growth. The average basal area level above the permissible minimum after thinning was 2.1 m2 /ha. Mechanical damage occurred on growing trees in an average of 5.2% of trees. The standing trees were mostly damaged by processing the felled tree and grazed it with a harvester head. More than 90% of the damaged trees were located near the strip roads.
One of the aims of thinning is to improve sanitation, but this may have the opposite effect as a result of intensive forest management. Damage to the stand and soil leads to a slowdown in the growth of trees and deterioration of the quality of the wood of growing trees, which, in turn, results in economic losses. Parts of the trunk that would previously have been suitable for a high-quality log are only suitable for paper production. The purpose of this work is to study the impact of intensive thinning on the sanitary condition of spruce stands in the South-Eastern region of the State Forest Management Center in Estonia, including the assessment and analysis quality of strip roads, the basal area (m2 /ha), damage to growing trees and the presence of soil damage. The observed objects were grouped separately according to the types of sites, the degree of humidity and the size of the harvester. 40 plots with an area of 55.3 hectares were evaluated for the study. When planning strip roads, the location of trees, terrain features and the location of the storage sites were taken into account on the first place. On average, strip roads accounted for 17.8% of the felling area. The average width of the strip roads on the objects was 3.5 m, and the distance between the edge trees was 4.3 m. On thinning by a large harvester, the stand remained more uniform. Harvesters with a shorter range of boom had to use the strip road method with spurs. Thus, the amount of felling of trees was sufficient to give the growing trees light and space for growth. The average basal area level above the permissible minimum after thinning was 2.1 m2 /ha. Mechanical damage occurred on growing trees in an average of 5.2% of trees. The standing trees were mostly damaged by processing the felled tree and grazed it with a harvester head. More than 90% of the damaged trees were located near the strip roads.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Metsatööstuse õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, Picea abies, harvester, kokkuveotee, rinnaspindala (m2//ha), mehaaniline vigastus