Eesti punast ja eesti holsteini tõugu lehmade üleminekuperioodi võrdlus
Laen...
Kuupäev
2022
Kättesaadav alates
09.09.2022
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Üleminekuperiood on lehmade laktatsioonitsükli kõige olulisem osa. See paneb aluse uue
laktatsiooni edukusele ja looma üldisele tervisele ning heaolule. Eestis enamkasvatatud
eesti punast ja eesti holsteini tõugude lehmade üleminekuperioodi ainevahetust pole
võrreldud pea 20 aastat. Sellest johtuvalt oli käesoleva töö eesmärgiks uurida eesti punast
ja eesti holsteini tõugu veiste ainevahetuse erinevust üleminekuperioodil. Eesmärgi
täitmiseks viidi läbi uuring ettevõttes, kus mõlema tõu esindajad kasvavad samades
tingimustes. Laktatsiooni arvu põhjal moodustati paarid EPK ja EHF tõugu
korduvpoegivatest lehmadest, kellest omakorda moodustati EPK ja EHF uurimisgrupp.
Ainevahetuse võrdlemiseks uuriti NEFA ja BHB kontsentratsiooni läbi vereproovide
kogumise, hinnati loomade toitumushinded ja võrreldi piimatoodangut. Uuringu
tulemusel suuri erinevusi tõugude ainevahetuses ei täheldatud. NEFA kontsentratsioon oli
madalam EPK lehmadel. BHB kontsentratsioon tõugude lõikes ei erinenud.
Toitumushinne oli läbivalt kõrgem EPK lehmadel, kuid mõlema tõu toitumushinde langus
oli sarnane. NEB perioodi läbisid kõik lehmad, peale ühe EHF lehma, kelle toitumushinne
püsis samal tasemel kogu uurimisperioodi jooksul. Subkliinilisele ketoosile viitav BHB
väärtust ületasid neli EHF lehma ja üks EPK lehm. EHF lehmade piimatoodang oli
esimestel nädalatel kõrgem, kuid uurimisperioodi viimasteks nädalateks EPK ja EHF
piimatoodangu tasemed ühtlustusid. Nii kõrgem NEFA ja BHB kontsentratsioon kui ka
samaaegselt suurem piimatoodang ja madalam toitumushinne viitavad sellele, et EHF
lehmadel on raskem üleminekuperioodiga toime tulla. Selleks, et erinevused paremini
välja tuleks, peaksid uurimisgrupid olema suuremad. Sellegipoolest saab väita, et EPK
tõugu lehmade aretuses on tehtud head tööd – nad tulevad paremini toime
üleminekuperioodiga ja nende piimatoodang on võrreldav EHF tõugu lehmade
piimatoodanguga.
Transition period is the most important part of the production cycle of dairy cows in which the success of the forthcoming lactation, the health of the cow and its overall welfare are determined. Transition metabolism of the most prevalent breeds in Estonia, the Estonian Red (EPK) and Estonian Holstein (EHF), has not been compared for over the last 20 years. Therefore, the aim of the thesis was to compare the differences in metabolism during transition in EPK and EH breeds. The study was carried out on a dairy farm where two breeds are raised together as one herd. Based on parity, 20 EHF cows were paired with 20 EPK cows, 40 cows forming the two study groups. In order to compare the groups, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations were measured from blood, body condition was assessed and milk yield data were collected. The data did not reveal significant differences in the metabolism of the two breeds. The concentration of NEFA was numerically higher in EHF cows after parturition. The concentration of BHB did not differ between the groups. Throughout the study, EPK cows had higher body condition compared to EHF cows, but the body condition loss over the course of the study was similar. Four EHF cows and one EPK cow exceeded the subclinical ketosis threshold. EHF cows had numerically higher milk yield in the first weeks of lactation, but the difference decreased as the lactation continued. In conclusion, the breeding of EPK cows has been successful, their metabolism copes well with transition period and their production is comparable to that of EHF cows.
Transition period is the most important part of the production cycle of dairy cows in which the success of the forthcoming lactation, the health of the cow and its overall welfare are determined. Transition metabolism of the most prevalent breeds in Estonia, the Estonian Red (EPK) and Estonian Holstein (EHF), has not been compared for over the last 20 years. Therefore, the aim of the thesis was to compare the differences in metabolism during transition in EPK and EH breeds. The study was carried out on a dairy farm where two breeds are raised together as one herd. Based on parity, 20 EHF cows were paired with 20 EPK cows, 40 cows forming the two study groups. In order to compare the groups, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations were measured from blood, body condition was assessed and milk yield data were collected. The data did not reveal significant differences in the metabolism of the two breeds. The concentration of NEFA was numerically higher in EHF cows after parturition. The concentration of BHB did not differ between the groups. Throughout the study, EPK cows had higher body condition compared to EHF cows, but the body condition loss over the course of the study was similar. Four EHF cows and one EPK cow exceeded the subclinical ketosis threshold. EHF cows had numerically higher milk yield in the first weeks of lactation, but the difference decreased as the lactation continued. In conclusion, the breeding of EPK cows has been successful, their metabolism copes well with transition period and their production is comparable to that of EHF cows.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Loomakasvatuse õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, eesti punane tõug, eesti holsteini tõug, üleminekuperiood, ainevahetus