Hariliku mustika (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) haigustekitajad ning kahjustuse ulatus Tartu maakonnas
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Kuupäev
2015
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Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
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Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Viimaste aastate jooksul on täheldatud hariliku mustika (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) taimedel
seennakkusele iseloomulikke haigussümptomeid.
Lõputöö eesmärgiks oli määrata Tartumaal harilikku mustikat kahjustavad patogeensed
seeneliigid ning välja selgitada taimede kahjustuse ulatus ja selle muutus. Kahjustajate
määramiseks koguti 2014. aasta suvel sümptomaatilisi mustika haigusproove.
Haigussüptomitega lehe- ja varretükid isoleeriti puhaskultuuri ning liigid määrati
molekulaarsete meetoditega. Kahjutuse ulatus hinnati mustika ja mustika- kõdusoo
kasvukohatüübis prooviruutude meetodil, mida kasutatakse sageli taimkatte katvuse
hindamisel. Kahjustuse ulatuse muutuse väljaselgitamiseks teostati kolme nädala möödudes
sama metoodika alusel kordushinnangud.
Kahjustuse ulatuse hindamisel osutus kahjustus levinuks kõikidel uuritud aladel. Sageli
moodustasid haigussümptomitega taimede osakaal 50% või rohkem mustikataimede
üldkatvusest. Kordushinnangute tulemusena olulist kahjustuse suurenemist ei täheldatud
Molekulaarsete meetoditega määrati 11 erinevat mikroseenete liiki või perekonda. Liikide
seas esines patogeenseid, endofüütseid ja saprotroofseid mikroseeni. Tuvastati kaks
varasemalt harilikult mustikalt Euroopas isoleeritud patogeeni- Diaporthe eres ja Valdensia
heterodoxa. Mõlema patogeeni leviku kohta on teateid ka teistest Euroopa riikidest, sealjuures
on Valdensia heterodoxa levikut peetud väga laiaulatuslikus.
In the last few years, disease symptoms a fungal infection have been observed on bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) plants in Tartu County. The aim of the study was to find the pathogenic fungal species that cause damage to bilberry plants. Also determine the extent of the damage and the changes in the damage. To determine the pathogens, symptomatic disease samples were collected during the summer of 2014. The pieces of leaves or stems with disease symptoms were isolated into a pure culture and determined using molecular methods. The extent of the damage was assessed in the bilberry and bilberry-drained peatland site types by applying the sub-plotsmethod, which is often used to assess coverage of vegetation. To determine the change in the extent of the damage, repeated monitoring were performed after three weeks using the same methods as previously. Assessment the extent of the damage revealed that the damage was widespread in all of the studied areas. The percentage of the plants with disease symptoms often formed 50% or more of the general coverage of bilberry plants. Repeated monitoring did not reveal a significant expansion of the extent of the damage. 11 different species or families of microfungi were identified using molecular methods. The species included pathogenic, endophytic and saprotrophic microfungi. Two pathogens, Diaporthe eres and Valdensia heterodoxa, that have been isolated from bilberry were found previously in Europe. Both pathogens are widespread in nearby European countires and the spreading of Valdensia heterodoxa considered to be very extensive.
In the last few years, disease symptoms a fungal infection have been observed on bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) plants in Tartu County. The aim of the study was to find the pathogenic fungal species that cause damage to bilberry plants. Also determine the extent of the damage and the changes in the damage. To determine the pathogens, symptomatic disease samples were collected during the summer of 2014. The pieces of leaves or stems with disease symptoms were isolated into a pure culture and determined using molecular methods. The extent of the damage was assessed in the bilberry and bilberry-drained peatland site types by applying the sub-plotsmethod, which is often used to assess coverage of vegetation. To determine the change in the extent of the damage, repeated monitoring were performed after three weeks using the same methods as previously. Assessment the extent of the damage revealed that the damage was widespread in all of the studied areas. The percentage of the plants with disease symptoms often formed 50% or more of the general coverage of bilberry plants. Repeated monitoring did not reveal a significant expansion of the extent of the damage. 11 different species or families of microfungi were identified using molecular methods. The species included pathogenic, endophytic and saprotrophic microfungi. Two pathogens, Diaporthe eres and Valdensia heterodoxa, that have been isolated from bilberry were found previously in Europe. Both pathogens are widespread in nearby European countires and the spreading of Valdensia heterodoxa considered to be very extensive.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
mustikas, taimehaigused, kahjustused, Tartumaa, bakalaureusetööd