Päikeseenergiaga käitatav elektriajam kompostisegistile väikemajapidamises
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Kuupäev
2017
Kättesaadavus
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Käsiajamiga kompostisegistiga on tülikas opereerida. Väikemajapidamistes visatakse
toidujäätmed lihtsalt hunnikusse või prügikasti, peamiselt sellepärast, et see ei vaja palju
tööd. Turul pakutavad elektrienergial töötavad kompostisegistid vajavad toidet võrgust,
mis pole alati kättesaadav. Lisaks sellele on need kallid ning tarbivad palju elektrit.
Antud bakalaureusetöö eesmärgiks on projekteerida päikeseenergiaga käitatav elektriajam
kompostisegistile.
Töö teoreetilises osas antakse ülevaade erinevatest kompostritest ning fotoelektrilistest
süsteemidest ja nende koostamisest. Uurimuslik osa hõlmab endas seadmete suuruste
arvutusi ning seadmete valikuid. Lisaks on välja toodud ühendamisskeem, juhtimisskeem
ning selleks vajalikud komponendid.
Ajami mootor valiti arvestades inimese ühe käega väntamise jõudu. Seejärel tehti
arvutused energiasalvesti ning päikesepaneeli suuruse määramiseks. Valitud seadmete
andmete järgi tehti kontrollarvutused. Juhtimissüsteem koostati kasutades taimeri
tüüplülitust 555. Koostati skeem ning valiti kõik vajalikud komponendid. Skeemi tööd
kontrolliti programmis Circuit Wizard.
Saadud tulemuste põhjal on võimalik koostada elektriajam. Süsteem on skaleeritav,
mistõttu on seda võimalik kasutada lisaks väikemajapidamisele ka suurmajapidamistes
ning tööstuslikul komposteerimisel.
Hand-operated compost mixer is troublesome to operate. In small households people simply throw food waste in piles or into trash mainly because it does not require much effort. Electric compost mixers available on the market require power supply from the grid which is not always available. In addition they are expensive and have high energy consumption. Main goal of the current bachelor`s thesis is to design a solar-powered electric drive for compost tumbler in a small household. The theoretical part gives an overview of the different composter types and photovoltaic systems and their compilation. The empirical part includes calculations for equipment sizing and equipment selection. Wiring diagram and control scheme with necessary parts is included. Electric motor was chosen by considering average pedalling strength of human hand. Calculations were made to determine the size of energy storage and solar panel. According to data of selected devices control calculations were made. Control system was based on 555 timer. Circuit was made and all the necessary parts were pointed out. Circuit was controlled in program Circuit Wizard. Based on the results it is possible to assemble off-grid system for compost mixer. System is scalable, so it can be used in large households and in industrial composting.
Hand-operated compost mixer is troublesome to operate. In small households people simply throw food waste in piles or into trash mainly because it does not require much effort. Electric compost mixers available on the market require power supply from the grid which is not always available. In addition they are expensive and have high energy consumption. Main goal of the current bachelor`s thesis is to design a solar-powered electric drive for compost tumbler in a small household. The theoretical part gives an overview of the different composter types and photovoltaic systems and their compilation. The empirical part includes calculations for equipment sizing and equipment selection. Wiring diagram and control scheme with necessary parts is included. Electric motor was chosen by considering average pedalling strength of human hand. Calculations were made to determine the size of energy storage and solar panel. According to data of selected devices control calculations were made. Control system was based on 555 timer. Circuit was made and all the necessary parts were pointed out. Circuit was controlled in program Circuit Wizard. Based on the results it is possible to assemble off-grid system for compost mixer. System is scalable, so it can be used in large households and in industrial composting.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Energiakasutuse õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, päikeseenergia, päikesepatareid, väikemajapidamised, kondensaatorid