Vaarika sordiaretuse suundumused ja valitud seemikute võrdlev hindamine
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Kuupäev
2019
Kättesaadav alates
4.09.2019
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Maailmas on üleüldisteks vaarika sordiaretuse suundumusteks sortide hea saagikus ja vastupidavus
haigustele ja kahjuritele, suured ja hea käitluskindlusega kvaliteetsed viljad, sobivus
masinkoristuseks ja tunnelis kasvatamiseks. Kõige olulisemaks vaarika sordiaretusprogrammi
eesmärgiks Eestis on hea vastupidavus talvele. Samas kehtivad kõik maailmas oluliseks peetavad
suundumused ka siin, nii haigustele ja kahjuritele vastupidavus, kui suur ja kvaliteetne saak ja
kaugemale vaadates ka masinkorjeks ja kiletunnelis kasvatamiseks sobivate sortide saamine.
Magistritöö eesmärk oli anda ülevaade vaarika sordiaretuse suundumustest ja võrrelda vaarika kahe
ristamiskombinatsiooni valitud seemikuid fenoloogiliste ja majanduslike omaduste ning
biokeemilise koostise alusel.
Katse viidi läbi 2018. aastal Viljandimaal EMÜ Polli aiandusuuringute keskuses, katsevariantideks
olid kontrollsordid ’Aita’ ja ’Novokitaivska’ ning valitud seemikud GA1, GA2, GA3, I1, I2 ja I3.
Läbi viidi fenoloogilised vaatlused (õitsemise algus, viljade valmimise algus ja lõpp),
talvekahjustuse ulatus ja varrehaigustesse haigestumise vaatlus ning hinnati majanduslikke
näitajaid (keskmine ja suurim vilja mass, saagikus), määrati viljade toitainete sisaldus.
2018. aastal läbi viidud katsest selgus, et kaks valitud seemikut I2 ja I3 on heade majanduslikbioloogiliste omadustega: suurte viljadega, hea vastupidavusega talvele ja varrehaigustele, kõrge
rakumahla kuivaine sisaldusega, kõrge rakumahla kuivaine ja tiitritavate hapete suhtarvuga ning
kõrge polüfenoolide sisaldusega. Valitud seemikutega jätkatakse vaatlusandmete kogumist, et
selgitada välja heade omaduste püsivus.
The main breeding objectives in raspberry breeding over the world are high yield, resistance to pests and diseases, large fruit size, high-quality fruits, suitability to machine harvest and growing in high tunnels. On the contrary, in Estonia the most important trait of raspberry breeding is low susceptibility to cold and warm temperature fluctuatuions from winter to early spring. Also above mentioned objectives are applied for raspberry breeding programme in Estonia. The aim of the present study was to give an overview of tendencies of raspberry breeding and compare seedlings from two crossed combinations based on phenology, economy and biochemical composition. The experiment was carried out in Viljandi county, Estonian University of Life Sciences Polli Hortcultural Research Centre. Standard cultivars ’ Aita’ and ’Novokitavska’ were compared to selected seedlings GA1, GA2, GA3, I1, I2 and I3 based on the phenology, susceptibility to winter frost, susceptibility to cane diseases, economical indicators (average fruit mass, maximum fruit mass, yield) and biochemical composition. As a result, two selected seedlings I2 and I3 had good economical-biological traits as follows: large fruits, low susceptibility to winter frost and low susceptibility to diseases, high content of total soluble solids and high ratio between soluble solids, titratable acids and high ratio of polyphenols. Evaluations will be continued with the selected seedlings for long-term testing to determine which seedlings have good and persistent traits.
The main breeding objectives in raspberry breeding over the world are high yield, resistance to pests and diseases, large fruit size, high-quality fruits, suitability to machine harvest and growing in high tunnels. On the contrary, in Estonia the most important trait of raspberry breeding is low susceptibility to cold and warm temperature fluctuatuions from winter to early spring. Also above mentioned objectives are applied for raspberry breeding programme in Estonia. The aim of the present study was to give an overview of tendencies of raspberry breeding and compare seedlings from two crossed combinations based on phenology, economy and biochemical composition. The experiment was carried out in Viljandi county, Estonian University of Life Sciences Polli Hortcultural Research Centre. Standard cultivars ’ Aita’ and ’Novokitavska’ were compared to selected seedlings GA1, GA2, GA3, I1, I2 and I3 based on the phenology, susceptibility to winter frost, susceptibility to cane diseases, economical indicators (average fruit mass, maximum fruit mass, yield) and biochemical composition. As a result, two selected seedlings I2 and I3 had good economical-biological traits as follows: large fruits, low susceptibility to winter frost and low susceptibility to diseases, high content of total soluble solids and high ratio between soluble solids, titratable acids and high ratio of polyphenols. Evaluations will be continued with the selected seedlings for long-term testing to determine which seedlings have good and persistent traits.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Aianduse õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, vaarikas, sordiaretus, seemikud