Metsakuklaste (Formica s.str.) asurkonnad turismiobjektidena ja sipelgasõbraliku turismi korraldamine Lõuna-Eestis
Laen...
Kuupäev
2012
Kättesaadav alates
ainult raamatukogus, only in library
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Metsakuklased (Formicas. str.) kuuluvad alates 1994. aastast III kategooria kaitsealuste liikide nimistusse. Üha populaarsemaks muutuva loodusturismi tagajärjel on suurenenud kuklaseasurkondade pidev ohustav häirimine ja tallamine. Tallamiskoormuse mõju laanekuklasele on uuritud kõrge külastuskoormusega Akste looduskaitsealal ja madala turismikoormusega Padakõrve looduskaitsealal, mis oma metsade koosseisult ja boniteedilt on sarnased. Seetõttu on kuklaseasurkonnad neis hästi võrreldavad. Alasid võrreldi taimestiku kulumise ja asurkondade seisundi muutuste järgi. Käesoleva töö eesmärgiks on anda ülevaade metsakuklaste elukorraldusest, sipelgaturismi arengust Lõuna-Eestis ja analüüsida tallamiskoormusest tulenevaid muutusi looduslikes kuklaseasurkondades ning leida lahendusi jätkusuutliku sipelgaturismi korraldamiseks. Antud töö baseerub nende alade kohta ilmunud kirjandusel. Analüüsil kasutatakse 2002.-2006. aastatel Akste ning 2005. ja 2006. aastal Padakõrve kohta kogutud seire andmeid. Laanekuklase asurkondade seire tulemuste põhjal selgub, et suur turismikoormus avaldab negatiivset mõju. Tallamine põhjustab eelkõige suuri varujate kaotusi, mille tagajärjel alaneb üldaktiivsus sipelgaradadel, väheneb pesade elujõulisus ja radade arv pesade ümber. See võib pikemaajalisel tallamise jätkumisel avaldada mõju tervele kolooniale, sest radade mahajätmisega kaotatakse ka toidubaas. Metsakuklaste kaitsel keskendutakse kuklastele sobivate elupaikade ja elutingimuste säilitamisele ja soodustamisele. Loodusturismi korraldamise peamine eesmärk on inimestes loodussäästliku hoiaku kujundamine ning asurkondade kaitsmine liigse tallamise eest. Turismigruppe on vaja hajutada erinevate õpperadade vahel kaitseala piires ja suunata Lõuna-Eesti erinevatesse kuklaseasurkondadesse. Turismi käivitamisel maakondades oleks kindlasti vajalik nendel aladel seire tallamiskoormuse mõjude selgitamiseks ja vajadusel turismikoormuse hajutamiseks. Kuna töö on koostatud kirjanduse põhjal, siis kajastab see eelnevate tööde peamisi järeldusi. Antud töös hinnati kuklaseasurkondade seisundit taimestiku kulumise ja pesade aktiivsuses toimuvate muutuste järgi. Edaspidi oleks vajalik välja töötada metoodika, mis arvestaks ka mulla tiheduse muutuseid, taimestiku liigilist koosseisu ja kulumist seoses tallamiskoormusega ning selle mõjukuklaseasurkondade seisundile.
Red wood ants (Formicas. str.) have been protected as III category species since 1994. As a result of the ever more popular nature tourism, red wood ant settlementsare in constant danger due to disturbances and trampling. The impact of trampling load on red wood ants has been examined in Akste nature protection area with high visitor load and Padakõrvenature protection areawith low tourismload, which are similar in the composition of their forests and site quality. This is why it is easy to compare red wood ant settlements in these areas. The areas were compared based on the degradation of herbaceous plant cover and changes in the conditions of the settlements. The purpose of the present thesis is to provide an overview of the living arrangements of red wood ants and the development of ant tourism in South-Estonia, analyse the changes arising from trampling load in natural red wood ant settlements and find solutions for the organisation of sustainable ant tourism. The present thesis is based on the literature organisation of sustainable ant tourism. The present thesis is based on the literature published on these areas. In the analysis, the monitoring data collected in the years 2002-2006 about Aksteand in 2005-2006 about Padakõrvehave been used. Based on the results of the monitoring of red wood ants, it appears that large tourismload has a negative impact. Trampling mainly causes great losses among foragers, as a result of which, general activity on ant paths and the vitality of nests decrease as well as the number of paths around nests. As a result of long-term trampling, this may have an effect on the entire colony as the abandonment of paths loses the food base as well. In the protection of red wood ants, the preservation and fostering of habitats and living conditions suitable for the ants are focused on. The main purpose of nature tourism is to form an environmentally friendly attitude of people and protect the settlements from excessive trampling. Touris excessive trampling. Touristgroups need to be dispersed between different study paths within the protection area and directed to the various red wood ant settlements of South-Estonia. If tourism is planned in counties, the trampling load on these areas must be identified and if necessary, tourism load dispersed. As the thesis has been compiled based on literature, it reflects the main conclusions of the previous works. In the present thesis, the condition of red wood ant settlements was assessed based on the degradation of plant cover and the changes in the activity of thnests. In the future, a method needs to be elaborated that would also consider changes in soil density, species composition of flora and degradation due to trampling load, and theeffect on the condition of red wood ant settlements.
Red wood ants (Formicas. str.) have been protected as III category species since 1994. As a result of the ever more popular nature tourism, red wood ant settlementsare in constant danger due to disturbances and trampling. The impact of trampling load on red wood ants has been examined in Akste nature protection area with high visitor load and Padakõrvenature protection areawith low tourismload, which are similar in the composition of their forests and site quality. This is why it is easy to compare red wood ant settlements in these areas. The areas were compared based on the degradation of herbaceous plant cover and changes in the conditions of the settlements. The purpose of the present thesis is to provide an overview of the living arrangements of red wood ants and the development of ant tourism in South-Estonia, analyse the changes arising from trampling load in natural red wood ant settlements and find solutions for the organisation of sustainable ant tourism. The present thesis is based on the literature organisation of sustainable ant tourism. The present thesis is based on the literature published on these areas. In the analysis, the monitoring data collected in the years 2002-2006 about Aksteand in 2005-2006 about Padakõrvehave been used. Based on the results of the monitoring of red wood ants, it appears that large tourismload has a negative impact. Trampling mainly causes great losses among foragers, as a result of which, general activity on ant paths and the vitality of nests decrease as well as the number of paths around nests. As a result of long-term trampling, this may have an effect on the entire colony as the abandonment of paths loses the food base as well. In the protection of red wood ants, the preservation and fostering of habitats and living conditions suitable for the ants are focused on. The main purpose of nature tourism is to form an environmentally friendly attitude of people and protect the settlements from excessive trampling. Touris excessive trampling. Touristgroups need to be dispersed between different study paths within the protection area and directed to the various red wood ant settlements of South-Estonia. If tourism is planned in counties, the trampling load on these areas must be identified and if necessary, tourism load dispersed. As the thesis has been compiled based on literature, it reflects the main conclusions of the previous works. In the present thesis, the condition of red wood ant settlements was assessed based on the degradation of plant cover and the changes in the activity of thnests. In the future, a method needs to be elaborated that would also consider changes in soil density, species composition of flora and degradation due to trampling load, and theeffect on the condition of red wood ant settlements.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
looduskaitse, turism, tallamiskoormus, metsakuklased, bakalaureusetööd