Eestis aretatud maasika ja vaarika sordid ja nende keemilise koostise võrdlus looduslike liikidega
Laen...
Kuupäev
2017
Kättesaadav alates
alates 05.09.2022
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Eesti tarbijad peavad toidukaupade ostueelistuste tegemisel oluliseks kodumaist päritolu
ning tootjatele pakuvad huvi eesti sordid. Samas ei kasvata Eesti marjakasvatajad
kohalikke maasika (Fragaria L.) ja vaarika (Rubus L.) sorte, vaid välismaiseid
kultuursorte. Bakalaureusetöö eesmärk oli anda kirjanduse põhjal ülevaade maasika ja
vaarika bioloogilistest eripäradest, vilja keemilisest koostisest ning Eestis aretatud
sortidest. 2016. aasta suvel viidi läbi katse, mille käigus olid vaatluse all kolm Eesti
aedmaasika (Fragaria × ananassa) sorti (‘Edu, ‘Helean’, Regatt 80’), mida võrreldi
sordiga ’Sonata’ ja metsmaasikad (Fragaria vesca) viiest erinevast kasvukohast. Korjati
veel kuus Eestis aretatud vaarikasorti (’Aita’, ‘Alvi’, ’Helkal’, ’Espe’, ‘Siveli’, ‘Tomo’),
võrdluseks oli ’Glen Ample’ ning looduslikke vaarikaid (Rubus idaeus) neljast erinevast
kasvukohast. Viidi läbi mõõtmised (mass, pH) ja keemilise koostise määramine (kuivaine,
rakumahla kuivaine, orgaanilised happed, fenoolsed ühendid, antotsüaanid,
askorbiinhape). Kohalikud maasikasordid ’Edu’ sisaldas rikkalikult askorbiinhapet, sort
’Regatt 80’ oli kõrge orgaaniliste hapete ja rakumahla kuivaine sisaldusega ja ’Helean’
kõrge suhtarvuga. Metsmaasikates oli võrreldes aedmaasikaga rikkalikult kuivainet,
fenoole ja antotsüaane. ’Glen Ample’ ja kohalike sortide vilja massi võrdluses ei olnud
olulist erinevust sortidega ’Espe’ ja ’Helkal’. Eesti vaarikasort ’Helkal’ eristus kõrge
rakumahla kuivaine poolest. ’Alvi’ oli kõrge pH ja suure kuivaine sisaldusega, ’Espe’
rakumahla kuivaine ja orgaaniliste hapete suhtarvuga ning ’Siveli’ viljades oli suurel
hulgal orgaanilisi happeid. Eestis aretatud vaarikasort ’Tomo’ viljades oli rikkalikult
askorbiinhapet. Vaarika kultuursordid sisaldasid enam askorbiinhapet kui looduslikus
kasvukohas kasvanud vaarikad. Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö edasiarendusena saaks
soovitada mõned kohalikud vaarikasordid arvestades nende keemilist koostist, haigus- ja
talvekindlust PRIA kohaliku sordi kasvatamise toetuse hulka.
Estonian consumers are keen on buying locally gown goods and the producers are opened to cultivating Estonian plant cultivars. However, Estonian berry farmers usually don’t grow local strawberry (Fragaria L.) and raspberry (Rubus L.) cultivars. The theoretical part of thesis provides an overview of literature about biological specialities and chemical composition of Estonian bred strawberry, raspberry and their biological characteristics. The empirical part consisted of an experiment to determine if local breedings could keep up with well-known foreign cultivars or their wild species. In the summer of 2016 three Estonian strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) cultivars (‘Edu, ‘Helean’, Regatt 80’), ’Sonata’ (a foreign cultivar) and wild strawberries (Fragaria vesca) from five different growth places were picked. Also six Estonian cultivars of raspberry (’Aita’, ‘Alvi’, ’Helkal’, ’Espe’, ‘Siveli’, ‘Tomo’) ’Glen Ample’ (a foreign cultivar) and their wild species (Rubus idaeus) from four different growth places were picked. Fruit mass, pH and content of dry matter, soluble solids, titratable acids, phenolics, antocyans, and ascorbic acid were measured. As a result local strawberry cultivars ’Edu’ wasrich in ascorbic acid. In addition ’Regatt 80’ had high content of titritable acids and dry matter, ‘Helean’ had the highest ratio of soluble solids and titritable acids. Comparison with a foreign cultivar ‘Glen Ample’ did not have essential difference with ‘Espe’ and ‘Helkal’ in fruit mass. Wild strawberries had high level of dry matter, phenols and anthocyanins compared to the cultivars. Estonian raspberry cultivar ‘Alvi’ had high level of pH and high amount of dry matter. For the cultivar ’Espe’ high amount of titratable acids were obtained. ’Siveli’ expressed highest values of organic acids. ‘Tomo’ was rich in ascorbic acid. Raspberry cultivars included more ascorbic acid compared to wild habitat grown raspberries. For further development of this study some local raspberry cultivars can be recommended given their chemical composition, sickness and winter hardiness to PRIA financial aid (for growing Estonian bred cultivars).
Estonian consumers are keen on buying locally gown goods and the producers are opened to cultivating Estonian plant cultivars. However, Estonian berry farmers usually don’t grow local strawberry (Fragaria L.) and raspberry (Rubus L.) cultivars. The theoretical part of thesis provides an overview of literature about biological specialities and chemical composition of Estonian bred strawberry, raspberry and their biological characteristics. The empirical part consisted of an experiment to determine if local breedings could keep up with well-known foreign cultivars or their wild species. In the summer of 2016 three Estonian strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) cultivars (‘Edu, ‘Helean’, Regatt 80’), ’Sonata’ (a foreign cultivar) and wild strawberries (Fragaria vesca) from five different growth places were picked. Also six Estonian cultivars of raspberry (’Aita’, ‘Alvi’, ’Helkal’, ’Espe’, ‘Siveli’, ‘Tomo’) ’Glen Ample’ (a foreign cultivar) and their wild species (Rubus idaeus) from four different growth places were picked. Fruit mass, pH and content of dry matter, soluble solids, titratable acids, phenolics, antocyans, and ascorbic acid were measured. As a result local strawberry cultivars ’Edu’ wasrich in ascorbic acid. In addition ’Regatt 80’ had high content of titritable acids and dry matter, ‘Helean’ had the highest ratio of soluble solids and titritable acids. Comparison with a foreign cultivar ‘Glen Ample’ did not have essential difference with ‘Espe’ and ‘Helkal’ in fruit mass. Wild strawberries had high level of dry matter, phenols and anthocyanins compared to the cultivars. Estonian raspberry cultivar ‘Alvi’ had high level of pH and high amount of dry matter. For the cultivar ’Espe’ high amount of titratable acids were obtained. ’Siveli’ expressed highest values of organic acids. ‘Tomo’ was rich in ascorbic acid. Raspberry cultivars included more ascorbic acid compared to wild habitat grown raspberries. For further development of this study some local raspberry cultivars can be recommended given their chemical composition, sickness and winter hardiness to PRIA financial aid (for growing Estonian bred cultivars).
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Aianduse õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, fenoolsed ühendid, askorbiinhapped, vilja mass, maasikas, vaarikas, aretamine, Eesti