Aretusstrateegiate analüüs eesti holsteini tõu kasumlikkuse suurendamiseks kahes Eesti piimafarmis
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Kuupäev
2024
Kättesaadav alates
13.09.2024
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Piimakarjakasvatusest on saanud üks peamisi tootmisharusid Eesti põllumajanduses. Eesti
holsteini tõugu veised on kõrgete aretusväärtustega ning lisaks ka ühed kõrgema
piimatoodanguga Euroopas. Igal karjakasvatajal on erinevad karja aretuseesmärgid, kuid olulisem
on terve, kõrge toodangu ja pika tootliku eaga kari, mis toodab võimalikult palju kasumit oma
omanikule. Karjale valitud aretusprogramm peab olema kooskõlas tootmiskeskkonna ning nii
kulu- kui ka tuluallikatega.
Käesoleva magistritöö eesmärgiks oli analüüsida kahes ettevõttes tehtud aretusalaseid otsuseid,
võrrelda kahe ettevõtte piimaveiste jõudlus- ja taastootmisnäitajaid ja analüüsida holsteini tõu
kõrge piimatoodangu mõju veiste sigivusele.
Uuringusse kaasati kaks Kirde-Eestis asuvat sarnaste tingimustega farmi, mille mõlema
peamiseks tegevusvaldkonnaks on piima tootmine. Farmis 1 on 520 ja Farmis 2 408 lüpsilehma.
Farmide andmed saadi Eesti Põllumajandusloomade Jõudluskontrolli AS-st ja farmide
karjahaldustarkvaradest. Analüüsiti piimajõudluse- ja sigimisnäitajaid, karjast väljamineku
põhjusi ning noorloomade üleskasvatamiskulusid. Eraldi vaadeldi erinevate aretusstrateegiate
kasutamist ning piimahinna mõju.
Ettevõtetes on aretustöö tulemusena paranenud olulised aretusnäitajad ja karja sigivus.
Piimatoodangu tõus ei ole avaldanud negatiivset mõju karja sigimisnäitajatele.
Dairy farming has become one of the main branches of production in Estonian agriculture. Estonian Holstein cattle have high breeding values and the breed is characterized by one of the highest milk production in Europe. Each dairy farmer has different breeding goals, but the most important is a healthy herd with high production and a long productive life, which produces as much profit as possible for its owner. The breeding program selected for the herd must be compatible with the production environment and both cost and revenue sources. The goals of this master's thesis were to analyze breeding decisions made in two dairy farms, to compare performance and reproduction indicators of dairy cattle of two dairy farms and to analyze the effect of the high milk production of the Holstein breed on the fertility of cattle. Two farms with similar conditions located in North-East Estonia were included in the study, both of which have milk production as their main field of activity. Farm 1 has 520 and Farm 2 408 dairy cows. Farm data was obtained from Eesti Põllumajandusloomade Jõudluskontrolli AS and from the livestock management software of the farms. Milk yield and breeding indicators, culling reasons and the costs of raising youngstock were analyzed. The use of different breeding strategies and the effect of milk price were examined separately. Important breeding indicators and herd fertility have improved as a result of the breeding work in the companies. The increase in milk production has not had a negative impact on the fertility indicators of the herds.
Dairy farming has become one of the main branches of production in Estonian agriculture. Estonian Holstein cattle have high breeding values and the breed is characterized by one of the highest milk production in Europe. Each dairy farmer has different breeding goals, but the most important is a healthy herd with high production and a long productive life, which produces as much profit as possible for its owner. The breeding program selected for the herd must be compatible with the production environment and both cost and revenue sources. The goals of this master's thesis were to analyze breeding decisions made in two dairy farms, to compare performance and reproduction indicators of dairy cattle of two dairy farms and to analyze the effect of the high milk production of the Holstein breed on the fertility of cattle. Two farms with similar conditions located in North-East Estonia were included in the study, both of which have milk production as their main field of activity. Farm 1 has 520 and Farm 2 408 dairy cows. Farm data was obtained from Eesti Põllumajandusloomade Jõudluskontrolli AS and from the livestock management software of the farms. Milk yield and breeding indicators, culling reasons and the costs of raising youngstock were analyzed. The use of different breeding strategies and the effect of milk price were examined separately. Important breeding indicators and herd fertility have improved as a result of the breeding work in the companies. The increase in milk production has not had a negative impact on the fertility indicators of the herds.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Loomakasvatuse õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, holsteini tõug, aretusstrateegia, piimatoodang, sigimine, karjast väljaminek, ovulatsiooni sünkroniseerimine, piimatootmise kasumlikkus