The content of weed seeds in the soil based on the management system
Laen...
Kuupäev
2017
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Kuht, Jaan
Eremeev, Viacheslav
Talgre, Liina
Madsen, Helena
Toom, Merili
Mäeorg, Erkki
Loit, Evelin
Luik, Anne
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
In 2008 an experiment was set up on the field in Eerika experimental station (Estonian
University of Life Sciences) as a 5-field crop rotation: barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with
undersown red clover, red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.),
pea (Pisum sativum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The objective of the study was to
measure the content of weed seeds in the soil and to evaluate the diversity of the species at the
beginning of the period of organic production in 2011. In conventional farming systems without
fertilizer (Con I) and conventional farming with mineral fertilizer (Con II) herbicides were used
for weed control. All the crops in Con II system received P 25 kg ha-1
and K 95 kg ha-1
, but the
application rates of mineral nitrogen fertilizer differed. In organic systems (Org I – organic
farming based on winter cover crop and Org II – organic farming based on winter cover crop and
manure), the winter cover crops (ryegrass after winter wheat, winter oilseed rape after pea, winter
rye after potato) were sown after the harvest and were ploughed into the soil as green manure in
spring. Organic farming systems (Org II) had a negative effect on the content of weed seeds in
the soil (2.0–22.7% less seeds than in other variants). The seeds of Chenopodium album were the
most abundant among summer annual weeds and the seeds of Viola arvensis among winter weeds
in the soil. Organic farming measures increased the domination of Chenopodium album – the
dominance index D’ was increased by 0.09–0.14 compared to conventional variants. The content
of seeds of winter weed Viola arvensis in Org II variant was decreased by 82%. The index of
species evenness J’ and Shannon Wiener diversity index H’ were lower in organic plots by 0.10–
0.18 and 0.60–0.19, respectively. Org II variants showed the best results based on the decrease
of soil weed seed bank and distribution of the weed species.
Kirjeldus
Article
Märksõnad
organic farming, winter cover crops, weed seeds, species diversity, articles