Eesti elussigade ekspordi rahvusvaheline konkurentsivõime Venemaa suunal ilmutatud suhtelise eelise meetodil aastatel 2000-2012
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Kuupäev
2013
Kättesaadav alates
ainult raamatukogus, only in library
Autorid
Ainsalu, Alice Heleen
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
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Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Eesti elussigade ekspordi rahvusvaheline konkurentsivõime Venemaa suunal ilmutatud suhtelise eelise meetodil aastatel 2000-2012
International competitiveness of Estonia live swine exports to Russia: revealed comparative advantage in 2000-2012 Liha on muutumas järjest olulisemaks eestlase toidulaual. Tänu sellele on seakasvatus saavutanud Eesti piimatootmise kõrval tähtsuselt teise positsiooni loomakasvatusharudest. Kuna Eesti sealihaga isevarustatuse tase on saavutanud ligi 100% taseme, siis seepärast on eksportinud Eesti seakasvatajad oma toodangut piiri taha. Aastate jooksul on Eesti elussigu eksporditud Lätti, Leetu, Poola, Hollandisse ja Venemaale. Alates aastast 2006 sai põhiliseks Eesti elussigade sihtturuks Venemaa. Aastad 2010 ja 2011 olid seakasvatajatele erilised seetõttu, et eksporditi täies mahus ainult Venemaale. Alles aastal 2012, mil Venemaa kehtestas impordikeelu Euroopa Liidu riikidest tulevatele elusloomadele, said uuteks Eesti elussigade sihtriikideks Leedu ja Poola.
Suhteline eelise indeksid elussigade eksportimisel Venemaale olid vaadeldavate aastate lõikes võrreldavatest riikidest kokkuvõttes kõige parem Eestil. Suurim suhtelise eelise indeks elussigade eksportimisel ilmnes Eestil aastal 2011. Kuigi Venemaale eksportimisel suhtelise eelise indeksid vaadeldavatel aastatel tõusid ja langesid, tõusis Eesti elussigade ekspordiedukus keskmiselt 73% aastas. Samal ajal kui Euroopa Liidu sisesel eksportimisel oli ekspordiedukuse keskmine kasv küll stabiilne, kuid siiski ainult 7% aastas. Eesti elussigade eksport põllumajandussektori ekspordist Venemaale kasvas keskmiselt küll 43% aastas, kuid oli siiski väiksem, kui elussigade eksportimine Venemaale võrrelduna Euroopa Liidu riikidega.
Venemaa turu tähtsust Eesti seakasvatajale kinnitas ka Tartu Agro juhataja Aavo Möldri ning Aiu Põllumajanduse juhatuse liikme Alar Põldmaaga tehtud intervjuu, milles mõlemad ettevõtte juhid väitsid, et Venemaa turule eksporditi suur osa ettevõtte kogutoodangust. Samuti elusloomade impordikeelu tõttu jäi Tartu Agrol 2012. aastal saamata üle kolmekümne tuhande euro suuruses tulu. Mõlemad ettevõtted on leidnud endale uued sihtturud Läti ja
Leedu näol. Kuigi Venemaale oleks võimalik eksportida lisandväärtusega tooteid, siis kumbki ettevõtte ei plaani seda tegema hakata. Samas aga kinnitas lisandväärtuse loomise mõttekust Pandivere Seafarm, kes hakkas liha lahti lõikamise abil väärindama oma toodangut. Seda, milline olukord võinuks olla kui Venemaa poleks impordikeeldu rakendanud, saab ainult arutleda. Ilmselt oleks Eesti elussigade ekspordiedukus Venemaale suurenenud veelgi. Kuna aga poliitilistel põhjustel jätkuvalt Venemaale elussigu eksportida pole võimalik, ei saa Eesti nii oma geograafilisest asukohast kui ka suhtelisest eelisest tulenevat eelist kasutada. Riskide hajutamiseks oleksid seakasvatajad võinud eksportida mitmetele turgudele ning mitte ainult elussigu vaid ka lisandväärtusega tooteid.
The meat has become increasingly important in Estonian dining table. Due to this, the pig-breeding has reached second position in livestock branches after Estonian milk production. One of the reasons why Estonia’s swine-breedes export their product behind the border is because Estonia has reached an almost 100% level of self supplement with pork. During the years, Estonia’s live swine has been exported to Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, The Netherlands and Russia. In 2006, Russia became the main target market for Estonia’s live swine. Years 2010 and 2011 were special to swine-breeders because full capacity of export went to Russia. It was not only until 2012, when Russia established an import ban on live animals coming from the European Union, that Lithuania and Poland became new target countries for Estonia’s live swine. Comparative advantage in the export of Estonia’s live swine was, among all the observed countries, the best in Russia. The biggest export of comparative advantage of of live swines was in year 2011. Although indexes of comparative advantage of Russia’s exports arised and decreased in the observed years, Estonia’s live swine export success rose averagely 73% a year. Meanwhile European Union’s average internal export success was stabile but still only 7% a year. Therefore trading of live swine directed to Russia has a strong comparative advantage. The importance of Russia’s market to Estonia’s swine-breeders was confirmed in an interview with the manager of Tartu Agro Aavo Möldri and with Aiu Põllumajandus’s member of the board Alar Põldmaa, in the interview both of the managers claimed that a large part of the whole product was exported to Russia. Also, due to the livestock import ban, Tartu Agro lost a profit of over 30 000 euros in 2012. Both of the companies have found new target markets in Latvia and Lithuania. Neither of the companies plan to export extra value products to Russia even though it would be possible to do so. However the value of extra product was confirmed by Pandivere Seafarm, who started appraising their product by chopping up their meat. It can be only discussed what the situation could be if Russia had not implemented an import ban. Probably the success of Estonia’s live swine exports to Russia had increased even more. Because the political reasons, Estonian pig-breeders continually can not export live swines to Russia. Estonia can not use it’s advantage from it’s geographical location and the relatived comparative advantage. If pig farmes have had exported to several markets and not just live swines but also value-added products, the risks could have been more diffused.
The meat has become increasingly important in Estonian dining table. Due to this, the pig-breeding has reached second position in livestock branches after Estonian milk production. One of the reasons why Estonia’s swine-breedes export their product behind the border is because Estonia has reached an almost 100% level of self supplement with pork. During the years, Estonia’s live swine has been exported to Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, The Netherlands and Russia. In 2006, Russia became the main target market for Estonia’s live swine. Years 2010 and 2011 were special to swine-breeders because full capacity of export went to Russia. It was not only until 2012, when Russia established an import ban on live animals coming from the European Union, that Lithuania and Poland became new target countries for Estonia’s live swine. Comparative advantage in the export of Estonia’s live swine was, among all the observed countries, the best in Russia. The biggest export of comparative advantage of of live swines was in year 2011. Although indexes of comparative advantage of Russia’s exports arised and decreased in the observed years, Estonia’s live swine export success rose averagely 73% a year. Meanwhile European Union’s average internal export success was stabile but still only 7% a year. Therefore trading of live swine directed to Russia has a strong comparative advantage. The importance of Russia’s market to Estonia’s swine-breeders was confirmed in an interview with the manager of Tartu Agro Aavo Möldri and with Aiu Põllumajandus’s member of the board Alar Põldmaa, in the interview both of the managers claimed that a large part of the whole product was exported to Russia. Also, due to the livestock import ban, Tartu Agro lost a profit of over 30 000 euros in 2012. Both of the companies have found new target markets in Latvia and Lithuania. Neither of the companies plan to export extra value products to Russia even though it would be possible to do so. However the value of extra product was confirmed by Pandivere Seafarm, who started appraising their product by chopping up their meat. It can be only discussed what the situation could be if Russia had not implemented an import ban. Probably the success of Estonia’s live swine exports to Russia had increased even more. Because the political reasons, Estonian pig-breeders continually can not export live swines to Russia. Estonia can not use it’s advantage from it’s geographical location and the relatived comparative advantage. If pig farmes have had exported to several markets and not just live swines but also value-added products, the risks could have been more diffused.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
Eesti, seakasvatus, siga, eksport, konkurentsivõime, sealiha, turg (süsteem), Venemaa, bakalaureusetööd