Fungitsiidi Revystar XL pikaajaline mõju röövtoidulisele süsi-ketasjooksikule
Laen...
Kuupäev
2024
Kättesaadav alates
29.08.2024
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Fungitsiidid on ülemaailmselt asendamatud toidu tagamiseks ning prognooside kohaselt intensiivistub nende kasutamine. Fungitsiidide kasutamine põllumajanduses aitab vältida põllukultuuride haigusi ja suurendada saagikust, kuid sellel võib olla ka negatiivne mõju keskkonnale, nagu pinnase ja veeallikate saastumine, patogeenide resistentsuse kujunemine ja kahju mitte-sihtliikidele. Röövtoidulised lülijalgsed mängivad olulist rolli kahjuritõrjes ja nende hulka kuuluvad jooksiklased on põllumaadel peamised looduslikud vaenlased, hävitades ligi oma kehakaalu jagu kahjureid päevas. Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärgiks oli selgitada põllul kasutatava fungitsiidi Revystar XL pikaajalist mõju röövtoidulise süsi-ketasjooksiku (Platynus assimilis) toitumis- ja liikumisaktiivsusele ning suremusele. Jooksiklaste keskkonda ja toitu töödeldi süsteemse fungitsiidi Revystar XL (50 g/l fluksapüroksaad ja 100g/l mefentriflukonasool) põllu-kontsentratsiooniga 1,5 l/ha. Mardikate liikumisaktiivsust hinnati filmimise iga nelja päeva järel kahe kuu vältel ning iga sessioon kestis 2 tundi. Pärast iga filmimist toimus järgmisel päeval toitmine, kus toitumisaktiivsust hinnati kaaludes mardikaid enne ja pärast toitmist. Lisaks liikumis- ja toitumisaktiivsusele jälgiti ka kogu katseperioodi kestel (64 päeva) katsemardikate suremust. Andmetöötluseks ja analüüsiks kasutati arvutitarkvara EthoVision XT 11, Microsoft 365 ja STATISTICA 13.3. Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö katsete tulemused näitasid, et fungitsiid Revystar XL avaldas katseperioodi kahel esimesel nädalal lühiajalisi muutusi süsi-ketasjooksikute liikumis- ja toitumisaktiivsusele, kuid pikaajalisi mõjusid ei täheldatud. Katseperioodi 4–8 päeval täheldati fungitsiidiga töödeldud grupi mardikate puhul hüperaktiivsust, mida näitas fungitsiidigrupi mardikate poolt läbitud vahemaa pikenemine 1,4 korda (4. katsepäev) ja pea 2 korda (8. katsepäeval) võrreldes kontrollgrupi mardikatega. Toitumises täheldati erinevust kahe grupi vahel ainult esimesel nädalal (5. katsepäeval). Sellest saab oletada, et jooksiklased on pikaajalisel kokkupuutel väga vastupidavad, mida näitab ka katseperioodi käigus suremus ainult 20%, kuid selle põhjal ei saa väita, et sarnane mõju on ka kõigil teistel fungitsiididel.
Fungicides are globally indispensable for food security and their use is projected to intensify. The use of fungicides in agriculture helps to prevent crop diseases and increase yields, but it can also have negative effects on the environment, such as contamination of soil and water sources, the development of pathogen resistance, and damage to non-target species. Predatory arthropods play an important role in pest control, and among them, ground beetles are the main natural enemies in agricultural fields, destroying almost their body weight in pests per day. The aim of this bachelor’s thesis was to clarify the long-term effect of the fungicide Revystar XL used in the field on the locomotion and feeding activity and mortality of the predatory Platynus assimilis. The environment and food of the ground beetles were treated with a field concentration of 1,5 l/ha of the systemic fungicide Revystar XL (50 g/l fluxapyroxad and 100 g/l mefentrifluconazole). The locomotion of the ground beetles was assessed every four days of filming for two months and each session lasted 2 hours. After each filming, a feeding session took place the following day, where feeding activity was assessed by weighing the beetles before and after feeding. In addition to locomotion and feeding activity, the mortality of beetles was also monitored during the entire test period (64 days). The computer software EthoVision XT 11, Microsoft 365 and STATISTICA 13.3 were used for data processing and analysis. The result of the experiments of this bachelor’s thesis showed that the fungicide Revystar XL had short-term changes on the locomotion and feeding activity of P. assimilis during the first two weeks of the test period, but no long-term effects were observed. On days 4–8 of the experimental period, hyperactivity was observed in the beetles of the fungicide-treated group, which was shown by an increase in the distance moved by the beetles in the fungicide group by 1,4 times (experimental day 4) and almost 2 times (experimental day 8) compared to beetles in the control group. A difference in nutrition between two groups was observed only in the first week (experimental day 5). From this, it can be assumed that ground beetles are very resistant to long-term exposure, which is also shown by the mortality of only 20% during the test period, but on this basis it cannot be said that all other fungicides have similar effect.
Fungicides are globally indispensable for food security and their use is projected to intensify. The use of fungicides in agriculture helps to prevent crop diseases and increase yields, but it can also have negative effects on the environment, such as contamination of soil and water sources, the development of pathogen resistance, and damage to non-target species. Predatory arthropods play an important role in pest control, and among them, ground beetles are the main natural enemies in agricultural fields, destroying almost their body weight in pests per day. The aim of this bachelor’s thesis was to clarify the long-term effect of the fungicide Revystar XL used in the field on the locomotion and feeding activity and mortality of the predatory Platynus assimilis. The environment and food of the ground beetles were treated with a field concentration of 1,5 l/ha of the systemic fungicide Revystar XL (50 g/l fluxapyroxad and 100 g/l mefentrifluconazole). The locomotion of the ground beetles was assessed every four days of filming for two months and each session lasted 2 hours. After each filming, a feeding session took place the following day, where feeding activity was assessed by weighing the beetles before and after feeding. In addition to locomotion and feeding activity, the mortality of beetles was also monitored during the entire test period (64 days). The computer software EthoVision XT 11, Microsoft 365 and STATISTICA 13.3 were used for data processing and analysis. The result of the experiments of this bachelor’s thesis showed that the fungicide Revystar XL had short-term changes on the locomotion and feeding activity of P. assimilis during the first two weeks of the test period, but no long-term effects were observed. On days 4–8 of the experimental period, hyperactivity was observed in the beetles of the fungicide-treated group, which was shown by an increase in the distance moved by the beetles in the fungicide group by 1,4 times (experimental day 4) and almost 2 times (experimental day 8) compared to beetles in the control group. A difference in nutrition between two groups was observed only in the first week (experimental day 5). From this, it can be assumed that ground beetles are very resistant to long-term exposure, which is also shown by the mortality of only 20% during the test period, but on this basis it cannot be said that all other fungicides have similar effect.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, kasurid, jooksiklased, fungitsiidid, lokomotsioon, toitumine, suremus, Roheline Ülikool (töö toetab EMÜ Rohelise Ülikooli põhimõtteid), elurikkus, pärandkooslused, pärandmaastikud, maastikukaitse